Remove obsolete stuffs
This commit is contained in:
leokhoa
@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
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<title>Error reporting in git</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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<style>
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/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
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/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
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a{background:none}
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a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
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h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
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b,strong{font-weight:bold}
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abbr{font-size:.9em}
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abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none}
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dfn{font-style:italic}
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hr{height:0}
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mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
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code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
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pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
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q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
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small{font-size:80%}
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sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
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sup{top:-.5em}
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sub{bottom:-.25em}
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img{border:0}
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svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
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figure{margin:0}
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audio,video{display:inline-block}
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audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
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fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
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legend{border:0;padding:0}
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button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
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button,input{line-height:normal}
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button,select{text-transform:none}
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button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
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button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
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input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0}
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button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
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textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
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table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
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*,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box}
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html,body{font-size:100%}
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body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
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a:hover{cursor:pointer}
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img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
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object,embed{height:100%}
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img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
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.left{float:left!important}
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.right{float:right!important}
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.text-left{text-align:left!important}
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.text-right{text-align:right!important}
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.text-center{text-align:center!important}
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.text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
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.hide{display:none}
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img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
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textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
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select{width:100%}
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.subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em}
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div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0}
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a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
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a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
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a img{border:0}
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p{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
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p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
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h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em}
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h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0}
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h1{font-size:2.125em}
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h2{font-size:1.6875em}
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h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
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h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
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h6{font-size:1em}
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hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em}
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em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
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strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
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small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
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code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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ul,ol,dl{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
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ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
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ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
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ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
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ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
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ul.square{list-style-type:square}
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ul.circle ul:not([class]),ul.disc ul:not([class]),ul.square ul:not([class]){list-style:inherit}
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ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
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dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
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dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
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blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}
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h1{font-size:2.75em}
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h2{font-size:2.3125em}
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h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
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h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
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table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal}
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table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
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table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
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table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
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table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7}
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table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{line-height:1.6}
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h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
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h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
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.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
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.stretch{width:100%}
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.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
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.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
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:not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
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:not(pre).nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
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:not(pre).pre-wrap{white-space:pre-wrap}
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:not(pre):not([class^=L])>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background:#f7f7f8;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
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pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
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pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}
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pre>code{display:block}
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pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
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em em{font-style:normal}
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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.keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)}
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kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),inset 0 0 0 .1em #fff;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
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.keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0}
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.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
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.menuseq,.menuref{color:#000}
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.menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit}
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.menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em}
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.menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8}
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.menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em}
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b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
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b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
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b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
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p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin:0 auto;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em}
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#header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table}
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#header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both}
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#content{margin-top:1.25em}
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#content::before{content:none}
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#header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0}
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#header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf}
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#header>h1:only-child{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
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#header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap}
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#header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em}
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#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#header .details br{display:none}
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#header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"}
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#header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"}
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#header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
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#header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"}
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#content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
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#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em}
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#toc>ul{margin-left:.125em}
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#toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic}
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#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0}
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#toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none}
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#toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em}
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#toc a{text-decoration:none}
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#toc a:active{text-decoration:underline}
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#toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
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body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
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body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
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#toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto}
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#toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em}
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#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0}
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#toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em}
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#toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
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body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:0}}
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@media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0}
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#toc.toc2{width:20em}
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#toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
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#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em}
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#toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
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#content #toc{border:1px solid #e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;border-radius:4px}
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#content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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#content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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#footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em}
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#footer-text{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);line-height:1.44}
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#content{margin-bottom:.625em}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:.625em}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
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.sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
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.sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9}
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#content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400}
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#content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em}
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#content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible}
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#content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none}
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#content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221}
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details,.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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details{margin-left:1.25rem}
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details>summary{cursor:pointer;display:block;position:relative;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:.625rem;outline:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
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details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
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details>summary::before{content:"";border:solid transparent;border-left:solid;border-width:.3em 0 .3em .5em;position:absolute;top:.5em;left:-1.25rem;transform:translateX(15%)}
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details[open]>summary::before{border:solid transparent;border-top:solid;border-width:.5em .3em 0;transform:translateY(15%)}
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||||
details>summary::after{content:"";width:1.25rem;height:1em;position:absolute;top:.3em;left:-1.25rem}
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.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}
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||||
table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0}
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||||
.paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>[class=paragraph]:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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.admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}
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.admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);word-wrap:anywhere}
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.admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.exampleblock>.content{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;border-radius:4px}
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||||
.sidebarblock{border:1px solid #dbdbd6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;border-radius:4px}
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.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
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.exampleblock>.content>:first-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.exampleblock>.content>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{border-radius:4px;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em}
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||||
@media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:.90625em}}
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@media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:1em}}
|
||||
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</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Error reporting in git</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p><code>BUG</code>, <code>bug</code>, <code>die</code>, <code>usage</code>, <code>error</code>, and <code>warning</code> report errors of
|
||||
various kinds.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>BUG</code> is for failed internal assertions that should never happen,
|
||||
i.e. a bug in git itself.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>bug</code> (lower-case, not <code>BUG</code>) is supposed to be used like <code>BUG</code> but
|
||||
prints a "BUG" message instead of calling <code>abort()</code>.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A call to <code>bug()</code> will then result in a "real" call to the <code>BUG()</code>
|
||||
function, either explicitly by invoking <code>BUG_if_bug()</code> after call(s)
|
||||
to <code>bug()</code>, or implicitly at <code>exit()</code> time where we’ll check if we
|
||||
encountered any outstanding <code>bug()</code> invocations.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If there were no prior calls to <code>bug()</code> before invoking <code>BUG_if_bug()</code>
|
||||
the latter is a NOOP. The <code>BUG_if_bug()</code> function takes the same
|
||||
arguments as <code>BUG()</code> itself. Calling <code>BUG_if_bug()</code> explicitly isn’t
|
||||
necessary, but ensures that we die as soon as possible.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If you know you had prior calls to <code>bug()</code> then calling <code>BUG()</code> itself
|
||||
is equivalent to calling <code>BUG_if_bug()</code>, the latter being a wrapper
|
||||
calling <code>BUG()</code> if we’ve set a flag indicating that we’ve called
|
||||
<code>bug()</code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This is for the convenience of APIs who’d like to potentially report
|
||||
more than one "bug", such as the optbug() validation in
|
||||
parse-options.c.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>die</code> is for fatal application errors. It prints a message to
|
||||
the user and exits with status 128.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>usage</code> is for errors in command line usage. After printing its
|
||||
message, it exits with status 129. (See also <code>usage_with_options</code>
|
||||
in the <a href="api-parse-options.html">parse-options API</a>.)</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>error</code> is for non-fatal library errors. It prints a message
|
||||
to the user and returns -1 for convenience in signaling the error
|
||||
to the caller.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>warning</code> is for reporting situations that probably should not
|
||||
occur but which the user (and Git) can continue to work around
|
||||
without running into too many problems. Like <code>error</code>, it
|
||||
returns -1 after reporting the situation to the caller.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>These reports will be logged via the trace2 facility. See the "error"
|
||||
event in <a href="api-trace2.html">trace2 API</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_customizable_error_handlers">Customizable error handlers</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The default behavior of <code>die</code> and <code>error</code> is to write a message to
|
||||
stderr and then exit or return as appropriate. This behavior can be
|
||||
overridden using <code>set_die_routine</code> and <code>set_error_routine</code>. For
|
||||
example, "git daemon" uses set_die_routine to write the reason <code>die</code>
|
||||
was called to syslog before exiting.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_library_errors">Library errors</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Functions return a negative integer on error. Details beyond that
|
||||
vary from function to function:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Some functions return -1 for all errors. Others return a more
|
||||
specific value depending on how the caller might want to react
|
||||
to the error.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Some functions report the error to stderr with <code>error</code>,
|
||||
while others leave that for the caller to do.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>errno is not meaningful on return from most functions (except
|
||||
for thin wrappers for system calls).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Check the function’s API documentation to be sure.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_caller_handled_errors">Caller-handled errors</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>An increasing number of functions take a parameter <em>struct strbuf *err</em>.
|
||||
On error, such functions append a message about what went wrong to the
|
||||
<em>err</em> strbuf. The message is meant to be complete enough to be passed
|
||||
to <code>die</code> or <code>error</code> as-is. For example:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
|
||||
die("%s", err.buf);</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The <em>err</em> parameter will be untouched if no error occurred, so multiple
|
||||
function calls can be chained:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>t = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
|
||||
if (!t ||
|
||||
ref_transaction_update(t, "HEAD", ..., &err) ||
|
||||
ret_transaction_commit(t, &err))
|
||||
die("%s", err.buf);</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The <em>err</em> parameter must be a pointer to a valid strbuf. To silence
|
||||
a message, pass a strbuf that is explicitly ignored:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>if (thing_that_can_fail_in_an_ignorable_way(..., &err))
|
||||
/* This failure is okay. */
|
||||
strbuf_reset(&err);</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
478
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/api-index.html
Normal file
478
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/api-index.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
<h1>Git API Documents</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Git has grown a set of internal APIs over time. This collection
|
||||
documents them.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="api-error-handling.html">Error reporting in git</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="api-merge.html">merge API</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="api-parse-options.html">parse-options API</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="api-path-walk.html">Path-Walk API</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="api-simple-ipc.html">Simple-IPC API</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="api-trace2.html">= Trace2 API</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
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|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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515
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/api-merge.html
Normal file
515
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/api-merge.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
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<body class="article">
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<div id="header">
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||||
<h1>merge API</h1>
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<div class="details">
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<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The merge API helps a program to reconcile two competing sets of
|
||||
improvements to some files (e.g., unregistered changes from the work
|
||||
tree versus changes involved in switching to a new branch), reporting
|
||||
conflicts if found. The library called through this API is
|
||||
responsible for a few things.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>determining which trees to merge (recursive ancestor consolidation);</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>lining up corresponding files in the trees to be merged (rename
|
||||
detection, subtree shifting), reporting edge cases like add/add
|
||||
and rename/rename conflicts to the user;</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>performing a three-way merge of corresponding files, taking
|
||||
path-specific merge drivers (specified in <code>.gitattributes</code>)
|
||||
into account.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_data_structures">Data structures</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>mmbuffer_t</code>, <code>mmfile_t</code></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>These store data usable for use by the xdiff backend, for writing and
|
||||
for reading, respectively. See <code>xdiff/xdiff.h</code> for the definitions
|
||||
and <code>diff.c</code> for examples.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>struct ll_merge_options</code></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Check merge-ll.h for details.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_low_level_single_file_merge">Low-level (single file) merge</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Check merge-ll.h for details.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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<body class="article">
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<div id="header">
|
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<h1>parse-options API</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git
|
||||
and to provide a usage help with consistent look.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_basics">Basics</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The argument vector <code>argv[]</code> may usually contain mandatory or optional
|
||||
<em>non-option arguments</em>, e.g. a filename or a branch, <em>options</em>, and
|
||||
<em>subcommands</em>.
|
||||
Options are optional arguments that start with a dash and
|
||||
that allow to change the behavior of a command.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>There are basically three types of options:
|
||||
<em>boolean</em> options,
|
||||
options with (mandatory) <em>arguments</em> and
|
||||
options with <em>optional arguments</em>
|
||||
(i.e. a boolean option that can be adjusted).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>There are basically two forms of options:
|
||||
<em>Short options</em> consist of one dash (<code>-</code>) and one alphanumeric
|
||||
character.
|
||||
<em>Long options</em> begin with two dashes (<code>--</code>) and some
|
||||
alphanumeric characters.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Options are case-sensitive.
|
||||
Please define <em>lower-case long options</em> only.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The parse-options API allows:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><em>stuck</em> and <em>separate form</em> of options with arguments.
|
||||
<code>-oArg</code> is stuck, <code>-o Arg</code> is separate form.
|
||||
<code>--option=Arg</code> is stuck, <code>--option Arg</code> is separate form.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Long options may be <em>abbreviated</em>, as long as the abbreviation
|
||||
is unambiguous.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Short options may be bundled, e.g. <code>-a -b</code> can be specified as <code>-ab</code>.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Boolean long options can be <em>negated</em> (or <em>unset</em>) by prepending
|
||||
<code>no-</code>, e.g. <code>--no-abbrev</code> instead of <code>--abbrev</code>. Conversely,
|
||||
options that begin with <code>no-</code> can be <em>negated</em> by removing it.
|
||||
Other long options can be unset (e.g., set string to NULL, set
|
||||
integer to 0) by prepending <code>no-</code>.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the <code>--</code>
|
||||
option, e.g. <code>-a -b --option -- --this-is-a-file</code> indicates that
|
||||
<code>--this-is-a-file</code> must not be processed as an option.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Subcommands are special in a couple of ways:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Subcommands only have long form, and they have no double dash prefix, no
|
||||
negated form, and no description, and they don’t take any arguments, and
|
||||
can’t be abbreviated.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>There must be exactly one subcommand among the arguments, or zero if the
|
||||
command has a default operation mode.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>All arguments following the subcommand are considered to be arguments of
|
||||
the subcommand, and, conversely, arguments meant for the subcommand may
|
||||
not precede the subcommand.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Therefore, if the options array contains at least one subcommand and
|
||||
<code>parse_options()</code> encounters the first dashless argument, it will either:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>stop and return, if that dashless argument is a known subcommand, setting
|
||||
<code>value</code> to the function pointer associated with that subcommand, storing
|
||||
the name of the subcommand in argv[0], and leaving the rest of the
|
||||
arguments unprocessed, or</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>stop and return, if it was invoked with the <code>PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL</code>
|
||||
flag and that dashless argument doesn’t match any subcommands, leaving
|
||||
<code>value</code> unchanged and the rest of the arguments unprocessed, or</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>show error and usage, and abort.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_steps_to_parse_options">Steps to parse options</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="olist arabic">
|
||||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>#include "parse-options.h"</code></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>define a NULL-terminated
|
||||
<code>static const char * const builtin_foo_usage[]</code> array
|
||||
containing alternative usage strings</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>define <code>builtin_foo_options</code> array as described below
|
||||
in section <em>Data Structure</em>.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>in <code>cmd_foo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)</code>
|
||||
call</p>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_foo_options, builtin_foo_usage, flags);</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p><code>parse_options()</code> will filter out the processed options of <code>argv[]</code> and leave the
|
||||
non-option arguments in <code>argv[]</code>.
|
||||
<code>argc</code> is updated appropriately because of the assignment.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>You can also pass NULL instead of a usage array as the fifth parameter of
|
||||
parse_options(), to avoid displaying a help screen with usage info and
|
||||
option list. This should only be done if necessary, e.g. to implement
|
||||
a limited parser for only a subset of the options that needs to be run
|
||||
before the full parser, which in turn shows the full help message.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Flags are the bitwise-or of:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="dlist">
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Keep the <code>--</code> that usually separates options from
|
||||
non-option arguments.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Usually the whole argument vector is massaged and reordered.
|
||||
Using this flag, processing is stopped at the first non-option
|
||||
argument.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Keep the first argument, which contains the program name. It’s
|
||||
removed from argv[] by default.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Keep unknown options instead of erroring out. This doesn’t
|
||||
work for all combinations of arguments as users might expect
|
||||
it to do. E.g. if the first argument in <code>--unknown --known</code>
|
||||
takes a value (which we can’t know), the second one is
|
||||
mistakenly interpreted as a known option. Similarly, if
|
||||
<code>PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION</code> is set, the second argument in
|
||||
<code>--unknown value</code> will be mistakenly interpreted as a
|
||||
non-option, not as a value belonging to the unknown option,
|
||||
the parser early. That’s why parse_options() errors out if
|
||||
both options are set.
|
||||
Note that non-option arguments are always kept, even without
|
||||
this flag.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>By default, parse_options() handles <code>-h</code>, <code>--help</code> and
|
||||
<code>--help-all</code> internally, by showing a help screen. This option
|
||||
turns it off and allows one to add custom handlers for these
|
||||
options, or to just leave them unknown.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Don’t error out when no subcommand is specified.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note that <code>PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION</code> is incompatible with subcommands;
|
||||
while <code>PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH</code> and <code>PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN_OPT</code> can only be
|
||||
used with subcommands when combined with <code>PARSE_OPT_SUBCOMMAND_OPTIONAL</code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_data_structure">Data Structure</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The main data structure is an array of the <code>option</code> struct,
|
||||
say <code>static struct option builtin_add_options[]</code>.
|
||||
There are some macros to easily define options:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="dlist">
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT__ABBREV(&int_var)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Add <code>--abbrev[=<n>]</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT__COLOR(&int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Add <code>--color[=<when>]</code> and <code>--no-color</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT__DRY_RUN(&int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Add <code>-n, --dry-run</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT__FORCE(&int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Add <code>-f, --force</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT__QUIET(&int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Add <code>-q, --quiet</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT__VERBOSE(&int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Add <code>-v, --verbose</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_GROUP(description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Start an option group. <code>description</code> is a short string that
|
||||
describes the group or an empty string.
|
||||
Start the description with an upper-case letter.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_BOOL(short, long, &int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce a boolean option. <code>int_var</code> is set to one with
|
||||
<code>--option</code> and set to zero with <code>--no-option</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_COUNTUP(short, long, &int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce a count-up option.
|
||||
Each use of <code>--option</code> increments <code>int_var</code>, starting from zero
|
||||
(even if initially negative), and <code>--no-option</code> resets it to
|
||||
zero. To determine if <code>--option</code> or <code>--no-option</code> was encountered at
|
||||
all, initialize <code>int_var</code> to a negative value, and if it is still
|
||||
negative after parse_options(), then neither <code>--option</code> nor
|
||||
<code>--no-option</code> was seen.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_BIT(short, long, &int_var, description, mask)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce a boolean option.
|
||||
If used, <code>int_var</code> is bitwise-ored with <code>mask</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_NEGBIT(short, long, &int_var, description, mask)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce a boolean option.
|
||||
If used, <code>int_var</code> is bitwise-anded with the inverted <code>mask</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_SET_INT(short, long, &int_var, description, integer)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an integer option.
|
||||
<code>int_var</code> is set to <code>integer</code> with <code>--option</code>, and
|
||||
reset to zero with <code>--no-option</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_STRING(short, long, &str_var, arg_str, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option with string argument.
|
||||
The string argument is put into <code>str_var</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_STRING_LIST(short, long, &struct string_list, arg_str, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option with string argument.
|
||||
The string argument is stored as an element in <code>string_list</code>.
|
||||
Use of <code>--no-option</code> will clear the list of preceding values.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_INTEGER(short, long, &int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option with integer argument.
|
||||
The integer is put into <code>int_var</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_MAGNITUDE(short, long, &unsigned_long_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option with a size argument. The argument must be a
|
||||
non-negative integer and may include a suffix of <em>k</em>, <em>m</em> or <em>g</em> to
|
||||
scale the provided value by 1024, 1024^2 or 1024^3 respectively.
|
||||
The scaled value is put into <code>unsigned_long_var</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(short, long, &timestamp_t_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option with expiry date argument, see <code>parse_expiry_date()</code>.
|
||||
The timestamp is put into <code>timestamp_t_var</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_CALLBACK(short, long, &var, arg_str, description, func_ptr)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option with argument.
|
||||
The argument will be fed into the function given by <code>func_ptr</code>
|
||||
and the result will be put into <code>var</code>.
|
||||
See <em>Option Callbacks</em> below for a more elaborate description.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_FILENAME(short, long, &var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option with a filename argument.
|
||||
The filename will be prefixed by passing the filename along with
|
||||
the prefix argument of <code>parse_options()</code> to <code>prefix_filename()</code>.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&var, description, func_ptr)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Recognize numerical options like -123 and feed the integer as
|
||||
if it was an argument to the function given by <code>func_ptr</code>.
|
||||
The result will be put into <code>var</code>. There can be only one such
|
||||
option definition. It cannot be negated and it takes no
|
||||
arguments. Short options that happen to be digits take
|
||||
precedence over it.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_COLOR_FLAG(short, long, &int_var, description)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option that takes an optional argument that can
|
||||
have one of three values: "always", "never", or "auto". If the
|
||||
argument is not given, it defaults to "always". The <code>--no-</code> form
|
||||
works like <code>--long=never</code>; it cannot take an argument. If
|
||||
"always", set <code>int_var</code> to 1; if "never", set <code>int_var</code> to 0; if
|
||||
"auto", set <code>int_var</code> to 1 if stdout is a tty or a pager,
|
||||
0 otherwise.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_NOOP_NOARG(short, long)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option that has no effect and takes no arguments.
|
||||
Use it to hide deprecated options that are still to be recognized
|
||||
and ignored silently.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_PASSTHRU(short, long, &char_var, arg_str, description, flags)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option that will be reconstructed into a char* string,
|
||||
which must be initialized to NULL. This is useful when you need to
|
||||
pass the command-line option to another command. Any previous value
|
||||
will be overwritten, so this should only be used for options where
|
||||
the last one specified on the command line wins.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(short, long, &strvec_var, arg_str, description, flags)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Introduce an option where all instances of it on the command-line will
|
||||
be reconstructed into a strvec. This is useful when you need to
|
||||
pass the command-line option, which can be specified multiple times,
|
||||
to another command.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_CMDMODE(short, long, &int_var, description, enum_val)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Define an "operation mode" option, only one of which in the same
|
||||
group of "operating mode" options that share the same <code>int_var</code>
|
||||
can be given by the user. <code>int_var</code> is set to <code>enum_val</code> when the
|
||||
option is used, but an error is reported if other "operating mode"
|
||||
option has already set its value to the same <code>int_var</code>.
|
||||
In new commands consider using subcommands instead.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>OPT_SUBCOMMAND(long, &fn_ptr, subcommand_fn)</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>Define a subcommand. <code>subcommand_fn</code> is put into <code>fn_ptr</code> when
|
||||
this subcommand is used.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The last element of the array must be <code>OPT_END()</code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If not stated otherwise, interpret the arguments as follows:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>short</code> is a character for the short option
|
||||
(e.g. <code>'e'</code> for <code>-e</code>, use <code>0</code> to omit),</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>long</code> is a string for the long option
|
||||
(e.g. <code>"example"</code> for <code>--example</code>, use <code>NULL</code> to omit),</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>int_var</code> is an integer variable,</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>str_var</code> is a string variable (<code>char *</code>),</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>arg_str</code> is the string that is shown as argument
|
||||
(e.g. <code>"branch"</code> will result in <code><branch></code>).
|
||||
If set to <code>NULL</code>, three dots (<code>...</code>) will be displayed.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>description</code> is a short string to describe the effect of the option.
|
||||
It shall begin with a lower-case letter and a full stop (<code>.</code>) shall be
|
||||
omitted at the end.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_option_callbacks">Option Callbacks</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The function must be defined in this form:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>int func(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The callback mechanism is as follows:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Inside <code>func</code>, the only interesting member of the structure
|
||||
given by <code>opt</code> is the void pointer <code>opt->value</code>.
|
||||
<code>*opt->value</code> will be the value that is saved into <code>var</code>, if you
|
||||
use <code>OPT_CALLBACK()</code>.
|
||||
For example, do <code>*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 42;</code> to get 42
|
||||
into an <code>unsigned long</code> variable.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Return value <code>0</code> indicates success and non-zero return
|
||||
value will invoke <code>usage_with_options()</code> and, thus, die.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If the user negates the option, <code>arg</code> is <code>NULL</code> and <code>unset</code> is 1.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_sophisticated_option_parsing">Sophisticated option parsing</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If you need, for example, option callbacks with optional arguments
|
||||
or without arguments at all, or if you need other special cases,
|
||||
that are not handled by the macros above, you need to specify the
|
||||
members of the <code>option</code> structure manually.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This is not covered in this document, but well documented
|
||||
in <code>parse-options.h</code> itself.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>See <code>test-parse-options.c</code> and
|
||||
<code>builtin/add.c</code>,
|
||||
<code>builtin/clone.c</code>,
|
||||
<code>builtin/commit.c</code>,
|
||||
<code>builtin/fetch.c</code>,
|
||||
<code>builtin/fsck.c</code>,
|
||||
<code>builtin/rm.c</code>
|
||||
for real-world examples.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
557
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/api-path-walk.html
Normal file
557
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/api-path-walk.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
|
||||
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|
||||
<h1>Path-Walk API</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The path-walk API is used to walk reachable objects, but to visit objects
|
||||
in batches based on a common path they appear in, or by type.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For example, all reachable commits are visited in a group. All tags are
|
||||
visited in a group. Then, all root trees are visited. At some point, all
|
||||
blobs reachable via a path <code>my/dir/to/A</code> are visited. When there are
|
||||
multiple paths possible to reach the same object, then only one of those
|
||||
paths is used to visit the object.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>When walking a range of commits with some <code>UNINTERESTING</code> objects, the
|
||||
objects with the <code>UNINTERESTING</code> flag are included in these batches. In
|
||||
order to walk <code>UNINTERESTING</code> objects, the <code>--boundary</code> option must be
|
||||
used in the commit walk in order to visit <code>UNINTERESTING</code> commits.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_basics">Basics</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To use the path-walk API, include <code>path-walk.h</code> and call
|
||||
<code>walk_objects_by_path()</code> with a customized <code>path_walk_info</code> struct. The
|
||||
struct is used to set all of the options for how the walk should proceed.
|
||||
Let’s dig into the different options and their use.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="dlist">
|
||||
<dl>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>path_fn</code> and <code>path_fn_data</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>The most important option is the <code>path_fn</code> option, which is a
|
||||
function pointer to the callback that can execute logic on the
|
||||
object IDs for objects grouped by type and path. This function
|
||||
also receives a <code>data</code> value that corresponds to the
|
||||
<code>path_fn_data</code> member, for providing custom data structures to
|
||||
this callback function.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>revs</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>To configure the exact details of the reachable set of objects,
|
||||
use the <code>revs</code> member and initialize it using the revision
|
||||
machinery in <code>revision.h</code>. Initialize <code>revs</code> using calls such as
|
||||
<code>setup_revisions()</code> or <code>parse_revision_opt()</code>. Do not call
|
||||
<code>prepare_revision_walk()</code>, as that will be called within
|
||||
<code>walk_objects_by_path()</code>.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is also important that you do not specify the <code>--objects</code> flag for the
|
||||
<code>revs</code> struct. The revision walk should only be used to walk commits, and
|
||||
the objects will be walked in a separate way based on those starting
|
||||
commits.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If you want the path-walk API to emit <code>UNINTERESTING</code> objects based on the
|
||||
commit walk’s boundary, be sure to set <code>revs.boundary</code> so the boundary
|
||||
commits are emitted.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>commits</code>, <code>blobs</code>, <code>trees</code>, <code>tags</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>By default, these members are enabled and signal that the path-walk
|
||||
API should call the <code>path_fn</code> on objects of these types. Specialized
|
||||
applications could disable some options to make it simpler to walk
|
||||
the objects or to have fewer calls to <code>path_fn</code>.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>While it is possible to walk only commits in this way, consumers would be
|
||||
better off using the revision walk API instead.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>prune_all_uninteresting</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>By default, all reachable paths are emitted by the path-walk API.
|
||||
This option allows consumers to declare that they are not
|
||||
interested in paths where all included objects are marked with the
|
||||
<code>UNINTERESTING</code> flag. This requires using the <code>boundary</code> option in
|
||||
the revision walk so that the walk emits commits marked with the
|
||||
<code>UNINTERESTING</code> flag.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>pl</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd>
|
||||
<p>This pattern list pointer allows focusing the path-walk search to
|
||||
a set of patterns, only emitting paths that match the given
|
||||
patterns. See <a href="../gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a> or
|
||||
<a href="../git-sparse-checkout.html">git-sparse-checkout(1)</a> for details about pattern lists.
|
||||
When the pattern list uses cone-mode patterns, then the path-walk
|
||||
API can prune the set of paths it walks to improve performance.</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>See example usages in:
|
||||
<code>t/helper/test-path-walk.c</code>,
|
||||
<code>builtin/backfill.c</code>,
|
||||
<code>builtin/pack-objects.c</code></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
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||||
<div id="footer">
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||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
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</div>
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576
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576
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||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Simple-IPC API</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The Simple-IPC API is a collection of <code>ipc_</code> prefixed library routines
|
||||
and a basic communication protocol that allows an IPC-client process to
|
||||
send an application-specific IPC-request message to an IPC-server
|
||||
process and receive an application-specific IPC-response message.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Communication occurs over a named pipe on Windows and a Unix domain
|
||||
socket on other platforms. IPC-clients and IPC-servers rendezvous at
|
||||
a previously agreed-to application-specific pathname (which is outside
|
||||
the scope of this design) that is local to the computer system.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The IPC-server routines within the server application process create a
|
||||
thread pool to listen for connections and receive request messages
|
||||
from multiple concurrent IPC-clients. When received, these messages
|
||||
are dispatched up to the server application callbacks for handling.
|
||||
IPC-server routines then incrementally relay responses back to the
|
||||
IPC-client.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The IPC-client routines within a client application process connect
|
||||
to the IPC-server and send a request message and wait for a response.
|
||||
When received, the response is returned back to the caller.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For example, the <code>fsmonitor--daemon</code> feature will be built as a server
|
||||
application on top of the IPC-server library routines. It will have
|
||||
threads watching for file system events and a thread pool waiting for
|
||||
client connections. Clients, such as <code>git status</code>, will request a list
|
||||
of file system events since a point in time and the server will
|
||||
respond with a list of changed files and directories. The formats of
|
||||
the request and response are application-specific; the IPC-client and
|
||||
IPC-server routines treat them as opaque byte streams.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_comparison_with_sub_process_model">Comparison with sub-process model</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The Simple-IPC mechanism differs from the existing <code>sub-process.c</code>
|
||||
model (Documentation/technical/long-running-process-protocol.txt) and
|
||||
used by applications like Git-LFS. In the LFS-style sub-process model,
|
||||
the helper is started by the foreground process, communication happens
|
||||
via a pair of file descriptors bound to the stdin/stdout of the
|
||||
sub-process, the sub-process only serves the current foreground
|
||||
process, and the sub-process exits when the foreground process
|
||||
terminates.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In the Simple-IPC model the server is a very long-running service. It
|
||||
can service many clients at the same time and has a private socket or
|
||||
named pipe connection to each active client. It might be started
|
||||
(on-demand) by the current client process or it might have been
|
||||
started by a previous client or by the OS at boot time. The server
|
||||
process is not associated with a terminal and it persists after
|
||||
clients terminate. Clients do not have access to the stdin/stdout of
|
||||
the server process and therefore must communicate over sockets or
|
||||
named pipes.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_server_startup_and_shutdown">Server startup and shutdown</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>How an application server based upon IPC-server is started is also
|
||||
outside the scope of the Simple-IPC design and is a property of the
|
||||
application using it. For example, the server might be started or
|
||||
restarted during routine maintenance operations, or it might be
|
||||
started as a system service during the system boot-up sequence, or it
|
||||
might be started on-demand by a foreground Git command when needed.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Similarly, server shutdown is a property of the application using
|
||||
the simple-ipc routines. For example, the server might decide to
|
||||
shutdown when idle or only upon explicit request.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_simple_ipc_protocol">Simple-IPC protocol</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The Simple-IPC protocol consists of a single request message from the
|
||||
client and an optional response message from the server. Both the
|
||||
client and server messages are unlimited in length and are terminated
|
||||
with a flush packet.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The pkt-line routines (<a href="../gitprotocol-common.html">gitprotocol-common(5)</a>)
|
||||
are used to simplify buffer management during message generation,
|
||||
transmission, and reception. A flush packet is used to mark the end
|
||||
of the message. This allows the sender to incrementally generate and
|
||||
transmit the message. It allows the receiver to incrementally receive
|
||||
the message in chunks and to know when they have received the entire
|
||||
message.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The actual byte format of the client request and server response
|
||||
messages are application specific. The IPC layer transmits and
|
||||
receives them as opaque byte buffers without any concern for the
|
||||
content within. It is the job of the calling application layer to
|
||||
understand the contents of the request and response messages.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_summary">Summary</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Conceptually, the Simple-IPC protocol is similar to an HTTP REST
|
||||
request. Clients connect, make an application-specific and
|
||||
stateless request, receive an application-specific
|
||||
response, and disconnect. It is a one round trip facility for
|
||||
querying the server. The Simple-IPC routines hide the socket,
|
||||
named pipe, and thread pool details and allow the application
|
||||
layer to focus on the task at hand.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
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</div>
|
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.colist td:not([class]):last-child{padding:.25em 0}
|
||||
.thumb,.th{line-height:0;display:inline-block;border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd}
|
||||
.imageblock.left{margin:.25em .625em 1.25em 0}
|
||||
.imageblock.right{margin:.25em 0 1.25em .625em}
|
||||
.imageblock>.title{margin-bottom:0}
|
||||
.imageblock.thumb,.imageblock.th{border-width:6px}
|
||||
.imageblock.thumb>.title,.imageblock.th>.title{padding:0 .125em}
|
||||
.image.left,.image.right{margin-top:.25em;margin-bottom:.25em;display:inline-block;line-height:0}
|
||||
.image.left{margin-right:.625em}
|
||||
.image.right{margin-left:.625em}
|
||||
a.image{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}
|
||||
a.image object{pointer-events:none}
|
||||
sup.footnote,sup.footnoteref{font-size:.875em;position:static;vertical-align:super}
|
||||
sup.footnote a,sup.footnoteref a{text-decoration:none}
|
||||
sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active,#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type:active{text-decoration:underline}
|
||||
#footnotes{padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.75em;margin-bottom:.625em}
|
||||
#footnotes hr{width:20%;min-width:6.25em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em;border-width:1px 0 0}
|
||||
#footnotes .footnote{padding:0 .375em 0 .225em;line-height:1.3334;font-size:.875em;margin-left:1.2em;margin-bottom:.2em}
|
||||
#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;margin-left:-1.05em}
|
||||
#footnotes .footnote:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}
|
||||
#content #footnotes{margin-top:-.625em;margin-bottom:0;padding:.75em 0}
|
||||
div.unbreakable{page-break-inside:avoid}
|
||||
.big{font-size:larger}
|
||||
.small{font-size:smaller}
|
||||
.underline{text-decoration:underline}
|
||||
.overline{text-decoration:overline}
|
||||
.line-through{text-decoration:line-through}
|
||||
.aqua{color:#00bfbf}
|
||||
.aqua-background{background:#00fafa}
|
||||
.black{color:#000}
|
||||
.black-background{background:#000}
|
||||
.blue{color:#0000bf}
|
||||
.blue-background{background:#0000fa}
|
||||
.fuchsia{color:#bf00bf}
|
||||
.fuchsia-background{background:#fa00fa}
|
||||
.gray{color:#606060}
|
||||
.gray-background{background:#7d7d7d}
|
||||
.green{color:#006000}
|
||||
.green-background{background:#007d00}
|
||||
.lime{color:#00bf00}
|
||||
.lime-background{background:#00fa00}
|
||||
.maroon{color:#600000}
|
||||
.maroon-background{background:#7d0000}
|
||||
.navy{color:#000060}
|
||||
.navy-background{background:#00007d}
|
||||
.olive{color:#606000}
|
||||
.olive-background{background:#7d7d00}
|
||||
.purple{color:#600060}
|
||||
.purple-background{background:#7d007d}
|
||||
.red{color:#bf0000}
|
||||
.red-background{background:#fa0000}
|
||||
.silver{color:#909090}
|
||||
.silver-background{background:#bcbcbc}
|
||||
.teal{color:#006060}
|
||||
.teal-background{background:#007d7d}
|
||||
.white{color:#bfbfbf}
|
||||
.white-background{background:#fafafa}
|
||||
.yellow{color:#bfbf00}
|
||||
.yellow-background{background:#fafa00}
|
||||
span.icon>.fa{cursor:default}
|
||||
a span.icon>.fa{cursor:inherit}
|
||||
.admonitionblock td.icon [class^="fa icon-"]{font-size:2.5em;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);cursor:default}
|
||||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-note::before{content:"\f05a";color:#19407c}
|
||||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-tip::before{content:"\f0eb";text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(155,155,0,.8);color:#111}
|
||||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-warning::before{content:"\f071";color:#bf6900}
|
||||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-caution::before{content:"\f06d";color:#bf3400}
|
||||
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-important::before{content:"\f06a";color:#bf0000}
|
||||
.conum[data-value]{display:inline-block;color:#fff!important;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-radius:50%;text-align:center;font-size:.75em;width:1.67em;height:1.67em;line-height:1.67em;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold}
|
||||
.conum[data-value] *{color:#fff!important}
|
||||
.conum[data-value]+b{display:none}
|
||||
.conum[data-value]::after{content:attr(data-value)}
|
||||
pre .conum[data-value]{position:relative;top:-.125em}
|
||||
b.conum *{color:inherit!important}
|
||||
.conum:not([data-value]):empty{display:none}
|
||||
dt,th.tableblock,td.content,div.footnote{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
||||
h1,h2,p,td.content,span.alt,summary{letter-spacing:-.01em}
|
||||
p strong,td.content strong,div.footnote strong{letter-spacing:-.005em}
|
||||
p,blockquote,dt,td.content,td.hdlist1,span.alt,summary{font-size:1.0625rem}
|
||||
p{margin-bottom:1.25rem}
|
||||
.sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em}
|
||||
.exampleblock>.content{background:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc}
|
||||
.print-only{display:none!important}
|
||||
@page{margin:1.25cm .75cm}
|
||||
@media print{*{box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important}
|
||||
html{font-size:80%}
|
||||
a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important}
|
||||
a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important}
|
||||
a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare)::after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare)::after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em}
|
||||
abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}
|
||||
abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}
|
||||
pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid}
|
||||
thead{display:table-header-group}
|
||||
svg{max-width:100%}
|
||||
p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3}
|
||||
h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid}
|
||||
#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{max-width:none}
|
||||
#toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important}
|
||||
#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important}
|
||||
body.book #header{text-align:center}
|
||||
body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em}
|
||||
body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important}
|
||||
body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important}
|
||||
body.book #header .details br{display:block}
|
||||
body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important}
|
||||
body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}
|
||||
body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always}
|
||||
.listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
|
||||
#footer{padding:0 .9375em}
|
||||
.hide-on-print{display:none!important}
|
||||
.print-only{display:block!important}
|
||||
.hide-for-print{display:none!important}
|
||||
.show-for-print{display:inherit!important}}
|
||||
@media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem}
|
||||
.sect1{padding:0!important}
|
||||
.sect1+.sect1{border:0}
|
||||
#footer{background:none}
|
||||
#footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}}
|
||||
@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Long-running process protocol</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This protocol is used when Git needs to communicate with an external
|
||||
process throughout the entire life of a single Git command. All
|
||||
communication is in pkt-line format (see <a href="../gitprotocol-common.html">gitprotocol-common(5)</a>)
|
||||
over standard input and standard output.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_handshake">Handshake</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Git starts by sending a welcome message (for example,
|
||||
"git-filter-client"), a list of supported protocol version numbers, and
|
||||
a flush packet. Git expects to read the welcome message with "server"
|
||||
instead of "client" (for example, "git-filter-server"), exactly one
|
||||
protocol version number from the previously sent list, and a flush
|
||||
packet. All further communication will be based on the selected version.
|
||||
The remaining protocol description below documents "version=2". Please
|
||||
note that "version=42" in the example below does not exist and is only
|
||||
there to illustrate how the protocol would look like with more than one
|
||||
version.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>After the version negotiation Git sends a list of all capabilities that
|
||||
it supports and a flush packet. Git expects to read a list of desired
|
||||
capabilities, which must be a subset of the supported capabilities list,
|
||||
and a flush packet as response:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>packet: git> git-filter-client
|
||||
packet: git> version=2
|
||||
packet: git> version=42
|
||||
packet: git> 0000
|
||||
packet: git< git-filter-server
|
||||
packet: git< version=2
|
||||
packet: git< 0000
|
||||
packet: git> capability=clean
|
||||
packet: git> capability=smudge
|
||||
packet: git> capability=not-yet-invented
|
||||
packet: git> 0000
|
||||
packet: git< capability=clean
|
||||
packet: git< capability=smudge
|
||||
packet: git< 0000</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_shutdown">Shutdown</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Git will close
|
||||
the command pipe on exit. The filter is expected to detect EOF
|
||||
and exit gracefully on its own. Git will wait until the filter
|
||||
process has stopped.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
|
||||
<title>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
|
||||
/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
|
||||
/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
|
||||
html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
||||
a{background:none}
|
||||
a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
|
||||
a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
|
||||
h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
|
||||
b,strong{font-weight:bold}
|
||||
abbr{font-size:.9em}
|
||||
abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none}
|
||||
dfn{font-style:italic}
|
||||
hr{height:0}
|
||||
mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
|
||||
code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
|
||||
pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
||||
q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
|
||||
small{font-size:80%}
|
||||
sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
|
||||
sup{top:-.5em}
|
||||
sub{bottom:-.25em}
|
||||
img{border:0}
|
||||
svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
|
||||
figure{margin:0}
|
||||
audio,video{display:inline-block}
|
||||
audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
|
||||
fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
|
||||
legend{border:0;padding:0}
|
||||
button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
|
||||
button,input{line-height:normal}
|
||||
button,select{text-transform:none}
|
||||
button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
|
||||
button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
|
||||
input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0}
|
||||
button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
|
||||
textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
|
||||
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
|
||||
*,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box}
|
||||
html,body{font-size:100%}
|
||||
body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
|
||||
a:hover{cursor:pointer}
|
||||
img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
|
||||
object,embed{height:100%}
|
||||
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
|
||||
.left{float:left!important}
|
||||
.right{float:right!important}
|
||||
.text-left{text-align:left!important}
|
||||
.text-right{text-align:right!important}
|
||||
.text-center{text-align:center!important}
|
||||
.text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
|
||||
.hide{display:none}
|
||||
img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
|
||||
textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
|
||||
select{width:100%}
|
||||
.subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em}
|
||||
div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0}
|
||||
a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
|
||||
a img{border:0}
|
||||
p{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
||||
p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
|
||||
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em}
|
||||
h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0}
|
||||
h1{font-size:2.125em}
|
||||
h2{font-size:1.6875em}
|
||||
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
|
||||
h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
|
||||
h6{font-size:1em}
|
||||
hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em}
|
||||
em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
|
||||
code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
||||
ul,ol,dl{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
|
||||
ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
|
||||
ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
|
||||
ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
|
||||
ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
|
||||
ul.square{list-style-type:square}
|
||||
ul.circle ul:not([class]),ul.disc ul:not([class]),ul.square ul:not([class]){list-style:inherit}
|
||||
ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
|
||||
dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
|
||||
dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
||||
blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
|
||||
blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
||||
@media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}
|
||||
h1{font-size:2.75em}
|
||||
h2{font-size:2.3125em}
|
||||
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
|
||||
h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
|
||||
table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal}
|
||||
table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
|
||||
table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
|
||||
table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
|
||||
table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7}
|
||||
table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{line-height:1.6}
|
||||
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
|
||||
h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
|
||||
.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
|
||||
.stretch{width:100%}
|
||||
.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
|
||||
.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
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</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The Git object directory contains a <em>pack</em> directory containing
|
||||
packfiles (with suffix ".pack") and pack-indexes (with suffix
|
||||
".idx"). The pack-indexes provide a way to lookup objects and
|
||||
navigate to their offset within the pack, but these must come
|
||||
in pairs with the packfiles. This pairing depends on the file
|
||||
names, as the pack-index differs only in suffix with its pack-
|
||||
file. While the pack-indexes provide fast lookup per packfile,
|
||||
this performance degrades as the number of packfiles increases,
|
||||
because abbreviations need to inspect every packfile and we are
|
||||
more likely to have a miss on our most-recently-used packfile.
|
||||
For some large repositories, repacking into a single packfile
|
||||
is not feasible due to storage space or excessive repack times.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The multi-pack-index (MIDX for short) stores a list of objects
|
||||
and their offsets into multiple packfiles. It contains:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A list of packfile names.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A sorted list of object IDs.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A list of metadata for the ith object ID including:</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A value j referring to the jth packfile.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>An offset within the jth packfile for the object.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If large offsets are required, we use another list of large
|
||||
offsets similar to version 2 pack-indexes.</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>An optional list of objects in pseudo-pack order (used with MIDX bitmaps).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Thus, we can provide O(log N) lookup time for any number
|
||||
of packfiles.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_design_details">Design Details</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The MIDX is stored in a file named <em>multi-pack-index</em> in the
|
||||
.git/objects/pack directory. This could be stored in the pack
|
||||
directory of an alternate. It refers only to packfiles in that
|
||||
same directory.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The core.multiPackIndex config setting must be on (which is the
|
||||
default) to consume MIDX files. Setting it to <code>false</code> prevents
|
||||
Git from reading a MIDX file, even if one exists.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The file format includes parameters for the object ID hash
|
||||
function, so a future change of hash algorithm does not require
|
||||
a change in format.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The MIDX keeps only one record per object ID. If an object appears
|
||||
in multiple packfiles, then the MIDX selects the copy in the
|
||||
preferred packfile, otherwise selecting from the most-recently
|
||||
modified packfile.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If there exist packfiles in the pack directory not registered in
|
||||
the MIDX, then those packfiles are loaded into the <code>packed_git</code>
|
||||
list and <code>packed_git_mru</code> cache.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The pack-indexes (.idx files) remain in the pack directory so we
|
||||
can delete the MIDX file, set core.midx to false, or downgrade
|
||||
without any loss of information.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The MIDX file format uses a chunk-based approach (similar to the
|
||||
commit-graph file) that allows optional data to be added.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_incremental_multi_pack_indexes">Incremental multi-pack indexes</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>As repositories grow in size, it becomes more expensive to write a
|
||||
multi-pack index (MIDX) that includes all packfiles. To accommodate
|
||||
this, the "incremental multi-pack indexes" feature allows for combining
|
||||
a "chain" of multi-pack indexes.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Each individual component of the chain need only contain a small number
|
||||
of packfiles. Appending to the chain does not invalidate earlier parts
|
||||
of the chain, so repositories can control how much time is spent
|
||||
updating the MIDX chain by determining the number of packs in each layer
|
||||
of the MIDX chain.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_design_state">Design state</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>At present, the incremental multi-pack indexes feature is missing two
|
||||
important components:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The ability to rewrite earlier portions of the MIDX chain (i.e., to
|
||||
"compact" some collection of adjacent MIDX layers into a single
|
||||
MIDX). At present the only supported way of shrinking a MIDX chain
|
||||
is to rewrite the entire chain from scratch without the <code>--split</code>
|
||||
flag.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>There are no fundamental limitations that stand in the way of being able
|
||||
to implement this feature. It is omitted from the initial implementation
|
||||
in order to reduce the complexity, but will be added later.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Support for reachability bitmaps. The classic single MIDX
|
||||
implementation does support reachability bitmaps (see the section
|
||||
titled "multi-pack-index reverse indexes" in
|
||||
<a href="../gitformat-pack.html">gitformat-pack(5)</a> for more details).</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>As above, there are no fundamental limitations that stand in the way of
|
||||
extending the incremental MIDX format to support reachability bitmaps.
|
||||
The design below specifically takes this into account, and support for
|
||||
reachability bitmaps will be added in a future patch series. It is
|
||||
omitted from the current implementation for the same reason as above.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In brief, to support reachability bitmaps with the incremental MIDX
|
||||
feature, the concept of the pseudo-pack order is extended across each
|
||||
layer of the incremental MIDX chain to form a concatenated pseudo-pack
|
||||
order. This concatenation takes place in the same order as the chain
|
||||
itself (in other words, the concatenated pseudo-pack order for a chain
|
||||
<code>{$H1, $H2, $H3}</code> would be the pseudo-pack order for <code>$H1</code>, followed by
|
||||
the pseudo-pack order for <code>$H2</code>, followed by the pseudo-pack order for
|
||||
<code>$H3</code>).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The layout will then be extended so that each layer of the incremental
|
||||
MIDX chain can write a <code>*.bitmap</code>. The objects in each layer’s bitmap
|
||||
are offset by the number of objects in the previous layers of the chain.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_file_layout">File layout</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Instead of storing a single <code>multi-pack-index</code> file (with an optional
|
||||
<code>.rev</code> and <code>.bitmap</code> extension) in <code>$GIT_DIR/objects/pack</code>, incremental
|
||||
MIDXs are stored in the following layout:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>$GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/
|
||||
$GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-chain
|
||||
$GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-$H1.midx
|
||||
$GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-$H2.midx
|
||||
$GIT_DIR/objects/pack/multi-pack-index.d/multi-pack-index-$H3.midx</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The <code>multi-pack-index-chain</code> file contains a list of the incremental
|
||||
MIDX files in the chain, in order. The above example shows a chain whose
|
||||
<code>multi-pack-index-chain</code> file would contain the following lines:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>$H1
|
||||
$H2
|
||||
$H3</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The <code>multi-pack-index-$H1.midx</code> file contains the first layer of the
|
||||
multi-pack-index chain. The <code>multi-pack-index-$H2.midx</code> file contains
|
||||
the second layer of the chain, and so on.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>When both an incremental- and non-incremental MIDX are present, the
|
||||
non-incremental MIDX is always read first.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_object_positions_for_incremental_midxs">Object positions for incremental MIDXs</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In the original multi-pack-index design, we refer to objects via their
|
||||
lexicographic position (by object IDs) within the repository’s singular
|
||||
multi-pack-index. In the incremental multi-pack-index design, we refer
|
||||
to objects via their index into a concatenated lexicographic ordering
|
||||
among each component in the MIDX chain.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If <code>objects_nr()</code> is a function that returns the number of objects in a
|
||||
given MIDX layer, then the index of an object at lexicographic position
|
||||
<code>i</code> within, say, $H3 is defined as:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>objects_nr($H2) + objects_nr($H1) + i</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>(in the C implementation, this is often computed as <code>i +
|
||||
m->num_objects_in_base</code>).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_future_work">Future Work</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The multi-pack-index allows many packfiles, especially in a context
|
||||
where repacking is expensive (such as a very large repo), or
|
||||
unexpected maintenance time is unacceptable (such as a high-demand
|
||||
build machine). However, the multi-pack-index needs to be rewritten
|
||||
in full every time. We can extend the format to be incremental, so
|
||||
writes are fast. By storing a small "tip" multi-pack-index that
|
||||
points to large "base" MIDX files, we can keep writes fast while
|
||||
still reducing the number of binary searches required for object
|
||||
lookups.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If the multi-pack-index is extended to store a "stable object order"
|
||||
(a function Order(hash) = integer that is constant for a given hash,
|
||||
even as the multi-pack-index is updated) then MIDX bitmaps could be
|
||||
updated independently of the MIDX.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Packfiles can be marked as "special" using empty files that share
|
||||
the initial name but replace ".pack" with ".keep" or ".promisor".
|
||||
We can add an optional chunk of data to the multi-pack-index that
|
||||
records flags of information about the packfiles. This allows new
|
||||
states, such as <em>repacked</em> or <em>redeltified</em>, that can help with
|
||||
pack maintenance in a multi-pack environment. It may also be
|
||||
helpful to organize packfiles by object type (commit, tree, blob,
|
||||
etc.) and use this metadata to help that maintenance.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_related_links">Related Links</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[0] <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/git/issues/detail?id=6" class="bare">https://bugs.chromium.org/p/git/issues/detail?id=6</a>
|
||||
Chromium work item for: Multi-Pack Index (MIDX)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[1] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20180107181459.222909-1-dstolee@microsoft.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/20180107181459.222909-1-dstolee@microsoft.com/</a>
|
||||
An earlier RFC for the multi-pack-index feature</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[2] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803091557510.23109@alexmv-linux/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/alpine.DEB.2.20.1803091557510.23109@alexmv-linux/</a>
|
||||
Git Merge 2018 Contributor’s summit notes (includes discussion of MIDX)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
1220
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/pack-heuristics.html
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1220
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/pack-heuristics.html
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Load Diff
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<body class="article">
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<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Parallel Checkout Design Notes</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<div id="preamble">
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|
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<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The "Parallel Checkout" feature attempts to use multiple processes to
|
||||
parallelize the work of uncompressing the blobs, applying in-core
|
||||
filters, and writing the resulting contents to the working tree during a
|
||||
checkout operation. It can be used by all checkout-related commands,
|
||||
such as <code>clone</code>, <code>checkout</code>, <code>reset</code>, <code>sparse-checkout</code>, and others.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>These commands share the following basic structure:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Step 1: Read the current index file into memory.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Step 2: Modify the in-memory index based upon the command, and
|
||||
temporarily mark all cache entries that need to be updated.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Step 3: Populate the working tree to match the new candidate index.
|
||||
This includes iterating over all of the to-be-updated cache entries
|
||||
and delete, create, or overwrite the associated files in the working
|
||||
tree.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Step 4: Write the new index to disk.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Step 3 is the focus of the "parallel checkout" effort described here.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_sequential_implementation">Sequential Implementation</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For the purposes of discussion here, the current sequential
|
||||
implementation of Step 3 is divided in 3 parts, each one implemented in
|
||||
its own function:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Step 3a: <code>unpack-trees.c:check_updates()</code> contains a series of
|
||||
sequential loops iterating over the <code>cache_entry</code>'s array. The main
|
||||
loop in this function calls the Step 3b function for each of the
|
||||
to-be-updated entries.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Step 3b: <code>entry.c:checkout_entry()</code> examines the existing working tree
|
||||
for file conflicts, collisions, and unsaved changes. It removes files
|
||||
and creates leading directories as necessary. It calls the Step 3c
|
||||
function for each entry to be written.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Step 3c: <code>entry.c:write_entry()</code> loads the blob into memory, smudges
|
||||
it if necessary, creates the file in the working tree, writes the
|
||||
smudged contents, calls <code>fstat()</code> or <code>lstat()</code>, and updates the
|
||||
associated <code>cache_entry</code> struct with the stat information gathered.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It wouldn’t be safe to perform Step 3b in parallel, as there could be
|
||||
race conditions between file creations and removals. Instead, the
|
||||
parallel checkout framework lets the sequential code handle Step 3b,
|
||||
and uses parallel workers to replace the sequential
|
||||
<code>entry.c:write_entry()</code> calls from Step 3c.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_rejected_multi_threaded_solution">Rejected Multi-Threaded Solution</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The most "straightforward" implementation would be to spread the set of
|
||||
to-be-updated cache entries across multiple threads. But due to the
|
||||
thread-unsafe functions in the object database code, we would have to use locks to
|
||||
coordinate the parallel operation. An early prototype of this solution
|
||||
showed that the multi-threaded checkout would bring performance
|
||||
improvements over the sequential code, but there was still too much lock
|
||||
contention. A <code>perf</code> profiling indicated that around 20% of the runtime
|
||||
during a local Linux clone (on an SSD) was spent in locking functions.
|
||||
For this reason this approach was rejected in favor of using multiple
|
||||
child processes, which led to better performance.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_multi_process_solution">Multi-Process Solution</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Parallel checkout alters the aforementioned Step 3 to use multiple
|
||||
<code>checkout--worker</code> background processes to distribute the work. The
|
||||
long-running worker processes are controlled by the foreground Git
|
||||
command using the existing run-command API.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_overview">Overview</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Step 3b is only slightly altered; for each entry to be checked out, the
|
||||
main process performs the following steps:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>M1: Check whether there is any untracked or unclean file in the
|
||||
working tree which would be overwritten by this entry, and decide
|
||||
whether to proceed (removing the file(s)) or not.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>M2: Create the leading directories.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>M3: Load the conversion attributes for the entry’s path.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>M4: Check, based on the entry’s type and conversion attributes,
|
||||
whether the entry is eligible for parallel checkout (more on this
|
||||
later). If it is eligible, enqueue the entry and the loaded
|
||||
attributes to later write the entry in parallel. If not, write the
|
||||
entry right away, using the default sequential code.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note: we save the conversion attributes associated with each entry
|
||||
because the workers don’t have access to the main process' index state,
|
||||
so they can’t load the attributes by themselves (and the attributes are
|
||||
needed to properly smudge the entry). Additionally, this has a positive
|
||||
impact on performance as (1) we don’t need to load the attributes twice
|
||||
and (2) the attributes machinery is optimized to handle paths in
|
||||
sequential order.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>After all entries have passed through the above steps, the main process
|
||||
checks if the number of enqueued entries is sufficient to spread among
|
||||
the workers. If not, it just writes them sequentially. Otherwise, it
|
||||
spawns the workers and distributes the queued entries uniformly in
|
||||
continuous chunks. This aims to minimize the chances of two workers
|
||||
writing to the same directory simultaneously, which could increase lock
|
||||
contention in the kernel.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Then, for each assigned item, each worker:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>W1: Checks if there is any non-directory file in the leading part of
|
||||
the entry’s path or if there already exists a file at the entry' path.
|
||||
If so, mark the entry with <code>PC_ITEM_COLLIDED</code> and skip it (more on
|
||||
this later).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>W2: Creates the file (with O_CREAT and O_EXCL).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>W3: Loads the blob into memory (inflating and delta reconstructing
|
||||
it).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>W4: Applies any required in-process filter, like end-of-line
|
||||
conversion and re-encoding.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>W5: Writes the result to the file descriptor opened at W2.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>W6: Calls <code>fstat()</code> or <code>lstat()</code> on the just-written path, and sends
|
||||
the result back to the main process, together with the end status of
|
||||
the operation and the item’s identification number.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note that, when possible, steps W3 to W5 are delegated to the streaming
|
||||
machinery, removing the need to keep the entire blob in memory.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If the worker fails to read the blob or to write it to the working tree,
|
||||
it removes the created file to avoid leaving empty files behind. This is
|
||||
the <strong>only</strong> time a worker is allowed to remove a file.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>As mentioned earlier, it is the responsibility of the main process to
|
||||
remove any file that blocks the checkout operation (or abort if the
|
||||
removal(s) would cause data loss and the user didn’t ask to <code>--force</code>).
|
||||
This is crucial to avoid race conditions and also to properly detect
|
||||
path collisions at Step W1.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>After the workers finish writing the items and sending back the required
|
||||
information, the main process handles the results in two steps:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>First, it updates the in-memory index with the <code>lstat()</code> information
|
||||
sent by the workers. (This must be done first as this information
|
||||
might be required in the following step.)</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Then it writes the items which collided on disk (i.e. items marked
|
||||
with <code>PC_ITEM_COLLIDED</code>). More on this below.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_path_collisions">Path Collisions</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Path collisions happen when two different paths correspond to the same
|
||||
entry in the file system. E.g. the paths <em>a</em> and <em>A</em> would collide in a
|
||||
case-insensitive file system.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The sequential checkout deals with collisions in the same way that it
|
||||
deals with files that were already present in the working tree before
|
||||
checkout. Basically, it checks if the path that it wants to write
|
||||
already exists on disk, makes sure the existing file doesn’t have
|
||||
unsaved data, and then overwrites it. (To be more pedantic: it deletes
|
||||
the existing file and creates the new one.) So, if there are multiple
|
||||
colliding files to be checked out, the sequential code will write each
|
||||
one of them but only the last will actually survive on disk.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Parallel checkout aims to reproduce the same behavior. However, we
|
||||
cannot let the workers racily write to the same file on disk. Instead,
|
||||
the workers detect when the entry that they want to check out would
|
||||
collide with an existing file, and mark it with <code>PC_ITEM_COLLIDED</code>.
|
||||
Later, the main process can sequentially feed these entries back to
|
||||
<code>checkout_entry()</code> without the risk of race conditions. On clone, this
|
||||
also has the effect of marking the colliding entries to later emit a
|
||||
warning for the user, like the classic sequential checkout does.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The workers are able to detect both collisions among the entries being
|
||||
concurrently written and collisions between a parallel-eligible entry
|
||||
and an ineligible entry. The general idea for collision detection is
|
||||
quite straightforward: for each parallel-eligible entry, the main
|
||||
process must remove all files that prevent this entry from being written
|
||||
(before enqueueing it). This includes any non-directory file in the
|
||||
leading path of the entry. Later, when a worker gets assigned the entry,
|
||||
it looks again for the non-directory files and for an already existing
|
||||
file at the entry’s path. If any of these checks finds something, the
|
||||
worker knows that there was a path collision.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Because parallel checkout can distinguish path collisions from the case
|
||||
where the file was already present in the working tree before checkout,
|
||||
we could alternatively choose to skip the checkout of colliding entries.
|
||||
However, each entry that doesn’t get written would have NULL <code>lstat()</code>
|
||||
fields on the index. This could cause performance penalties for
|
||||
subsequent commands that need to refresh the index, as they would have
|
||||
to go to the file system to see if the entry is dirty. Thus, if we have
|
||||
N entries in a colliding group and we decide to write and <code>lstat()</code> only
|
||||
one of them, every subsequent <code>git-status</code> will have to read, convert,
|
||||
and hash the written file N - 1 times. By checking out all colliding
|
||||
entries (like the sequential code does), we only pay the overhead once,
|
||||
during checkout.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_eligible_entries_for_parallel_checkout">Eligible Entries for Parallel Checkout</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>As previously mentioned, not all entries passed to <code>checkout_entry()</code>
|
||||
will be considered eligible for parallel checkout. More specifically, we
|
||||
exclude:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Symbolic links; to avoid race conditions that, in combination with
|
||||
path collisions, could cause workers to write files at the wrong
|
||||
place. For example, if we were to concurrently check out a symlink
|
||||
<em>a</em> → <em>b</em> and a regular file <em>A/f</em> in a case-insensitive file system,
|
||||
we could potentially end up writing the file <em>A/f</em> at <em>a/f</em>, due to a
|
||||
race condition.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Regular files that require external filters (either "one shot" filters
|
||||
or long-running process filters). These filters are black-boxes to Git
|
||||
and may have their own internal locking or non-concurrent assumptions.
|
||||
So it might not be safe to run multiple instances in parallel.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Besides, long-running filters may use the delayed checkout feature to
|
||||
postpone the return of some filtered blobs. The delayed checkout queue
|
||||
and the parallel checkout queue are not compatible and should remain
|
||||
separate.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note: regular files that only require internal filters, like end-of-line
|
||||
conversion and re-encoding, are eligible for parallel checkout.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Ineligible entries are checked out by the classic sequential codepath
|
||||
<strong>before</strong> spawning workers.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note: submodules' files are also eligible for parallel checkout (as
|
||||
long as they don’t fall into any of the excluding categories mentioned
|
||||
above). But since each submodule is checked out in its own child
|
||||
process, we don’t mix the superproject’s and the submodules' files in
|
||||
the same parallel checkout process or queue.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_the_api">The API</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The parallel checkout API was designed with the goal of minimizing
|
||||
changes to the current users of the checkout machinery. This means that
|
||||
they don’t have to call a different function for sequential or parallel
|
||||
checkout. As already mentioned, <code>checkout_entry()</code> will automatically
|
||||
insert the given entry in the parallel checkout queue when this feature
|
||||
is enabled and the entry is eligible; otherwise, it will just write the
|
||||
entry right away, using the sequential code. In general, callers of the
|
||||
parallel checkout API should look similar to this:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="listingblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>int pc_workers, pc_threshold, err = 0;
|
||||
struct checkout state;
|
||||
|
||||
get_parallel_checkout_configs(&pc_workers, &pc_threshold);
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* This check is not strictly required, but it
|
||||
* should save some time in sequential mode.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
if (pc_workers > 1)
|
||||
init_parallel_checkout();
|
||||
|
||||
for (each cache_entry ce to-be-updated)
|
||||
err |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL, NULL);
|
||||
|
||||
err |= run_parallel_checkout(&state, pc_workers, pc_threshold, NULL, NULL);</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
957
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/partial-clone.html
Normal file
957
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/partial-clone.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,957 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
|
||||
<title>Partial Clone Design Notes</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
|
||||
/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
|
||||
/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
|
||||
html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
||||
a{background:none}
|
||||
a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
|
||||
a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
|
||||
h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
|
||||
b,strong{font-weight:bold}
|
||||
abbr{font-size:.9em}
|
||||
abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none}
|
||||
dfn{font-style:italic}
|
||||
hr{height:0}
|
||||
mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
|
||||
code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
|
||||
pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
||||
q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
|
||||
small{font-size:80%}
|
||||
sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
|
||||
sup{top:-.5em}
|
||||
sub{bottom:-.25em}
|
||||
img{border:0}
|
||||
svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
|
||||
figure{margin:0}
|
||||
audio,video{display:inline-block}
|
||||
audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
|
||||
fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
|
||||
legend{border:0;padding:0}
|
||||
button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
|
||||
button,input{line-height:normal}
|
||||
button,select{text-transform:none}
|
||||
button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
|
||||
button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
|
||||
input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0}
|
||||
button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
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</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Partial Clone Design Notes</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The "Partial Clone" feature is a performance optimization for Git that
|
||||
allows Git to function without having a complete copy of the repository.
|
||||
The goal of this work is to allow Git to better handle extremely large
|
||||
repositories.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>During clone and fetch operations, Git downloads the complete contents
|
||||
and history of the repository. This includes all commits, trees, and
|
||||
blobs for the complete life of the repository. For extremely large
|
||||
repositories, clones can take hours (or days) and consume 100+GiB of disk
|
||||
space.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Often in these repositories there are many blobs and trees that the user
|
||||
does not need such as:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="olist arabic">
|
||||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>files outside of the user’s work area in the tree. For example, in
|
||||
a repository with 500K directories and 3.5M files in every commit,
|
||||
we can avoid downloading many objects if the user only needs a
|
||||
narrow "cone" of the source tree.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>large binary assets. For example, in a repository where large build
|
||||
artifacts are checked into the tree, we can avoid downloading all
|
||||
previous versions of these non-mergeable binary assets and only
|
||||
download versions that are actually referenced.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Partial clone allows us to avoid downloading such unneeded objects <strong>in
|
||||
advance</strong> during clone and fetch operations and thereby reduce download
|
||||
times and disk usage. Missing objects can later be "demand fetched"
|
||||
if/when needed.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A remote that can later provide the missing objects is called a
|
||||
promisor remote, as it promises to send the objects when
|
||||
requested. Initially Git supported only one promisor remote, the origin
|
||||
remote from which the user cloned and that was configured in the
|
||||
"extensions.partialClone" config option. Later support for more than
|
||||
one promisor remote has been implemented.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Use of partial clone requires that the user be online and the origin
|
||||
remote or other promisor remotes be available for on-demand fetching
|
||||
of missing objects. This may or may not be problematic for the user.
|
||||
For example, if the user can stay within the pre-selected subset of
|
||||
the source tree, they may not encounter any missing objects.
|
||||
Alternatively, the user could try to pre-fetch various objects if they
|
||||
know that they are going offline.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_non_goals">Non-Goals</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Partial clone is a mechanism to limit the number of blobs and trees downloaded
|
||||
<strong>within</strong> a given range of commits — and is therefore independent of and not
|
||||
intended to conflict with existing DAG-level mechanisms to limit the set of
|
||||
requested commits (i.e. shallow clone, single branch, or fetch <em><refspec></em>).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_design_overview">Design Overview</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Partial clone logically consists of the following parts:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A mechanism for the client to describe unneeded or unwanted objects to
|
||||
the server.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A mechanism for the server to omit such unwanted objects from packfiles
|
||||
sent to the client.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A mechanism for the client to gracefully handle missing objects (that
|
||||
were previously omitted by the server).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A mechanism for the client to backfill missing objects as needed.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_design_details">Design Details</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A new pack-protocol capability "filter" is added to the fetch-pack and
|
||||
upload-pack negotiation.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This uses the existing capability discovery mechanism.
|
||||
See "filter" in <a href="../gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Clients pass a "filter-spec" to clone and fetch which is passed to the
|
||||
server to request filtering during packfile construction.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>There are various filters available to accommodate different situations.
|
||||
See "--filter=<filter-spec>" in Documentation/rev-list-options.txt.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>On the server pack-objects applies the requested filter-spec as it
|
||||
creates "filtered" packfiles for the client.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>These filtered packfiles are <strong>incomplete</strong> in the traditional sense because
|
||||
they may contain objects that reference objects not contained in the
|
||||
packfile and that the client doesn’t already have. For example, the
|
||||
filtered packfile may contain trees or tags that reference missing blobs
|
||||
or commits that reference missing trees.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>On the client these incomplete packfiles are marked as "promisor packfiles"
|
||||
and treated differently by various commands.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>On the client a repository extension is added to the local config to
|
||||
prevent older versions of git from failing mid-operation because of
|
||||
missing objects that they cannot handle.
|
||||
See "extensions.partialClone" in Documentation/technical/repository-version.txt"</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_handling_missing_objects">Handling Missing Objects</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>An object may be missing due to a partial clone or fetch, or missing
|
||||
due to repository corruption. To differentiate these cases, the
|
||||
local repository specially indicates such filtered packfiles
|
||||
obtained from promisor remotes as "promisor packfiles".</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>These promisor packfiles consist of a "<name>.promisor" file with
|
||||
arbitrary contents (like the "<name>.keep" files), in addition to
|
||||
their "<name>.pack" and "<name>.idx" files.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The local repository considers a "promisor object" to be an object that
|
||||
it knows (to the best of its ability) that promisor remotes have promised
|
||||
that they have, either because the local repository has that object in one of
|
||||
its promisor packfiles, or because another promisor object refers to it.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>When Git encounters a missing object, Git can see if it is a promisor object
|
||||
and handle it appropriately. If not, Git can report a corruption.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This means that there is no need for the client to explicitly maintain an
|
||||
expensive-to-modify list of missing objects.[a]</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Since almost all Git code currently expects any referenced object to be
|
||||
present locally and because we do not want to force every command to do
|
||||
a dry-run first, a fallback mechanism is added to allow Git to attempt
|
||||
to dynamically fetch missing objects from promisor remotes.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>When the normal object lookup fails to find an object, Git invokes
|
||||
promisor_remote_get_direct() to try to get the object from a promisor
|
||||
remote and then retry the object lookup. This allows objects to be
|
||||
"faulted in" without complicated prediction algorithms.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For efficiency reasons, no check as to whether the missing object is
|
||||
actually a promisor object is performed.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Dynamic object fetching tends to be slow as objects are fetched one at
|
||||
a time.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>checkout</code> (and any other command using <code>unpack-trees</code>) has been taught
|
||||
to bulk pre-fetch all required missing blobs in a single batch.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>rev-list</code> has been taught to print missing objects.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This can be used by other commands to bulk prefetch objects.
|
||||
For example, a "git log -p A..B" may internally want to first do
|
||||
something like "git rev-list --objects --quiet --missing=print A..B"
|
||||
and prefetch those objects in bulk.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>fsck</code> has been updated to be fully aware of promisor objects.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>repack</code> in GC has been updated to not touch promisor packfiles at all,
|
||||
and to only repack other objects.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The global variable "fetch_if_missing" is used to control whether an
|
||||
object lookup will attempt to dynamically fetch a missing object or
|
||||
report an error.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>We are not happy with this global variable and would like to remove it,
|
||||
but that requires significant refactoring of the object code to pass an
|
||||
additional flag.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_fetching_missing_objects">Fetching Missing Objects</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Fetching of objects is done by invoking a "git fetch" subprocess.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The local repository sends a request with the hashes of all requested
|
||||
objects, and does not perform any packfile negotiation.
|
||||
It then receives a packfile.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Because we are reusing the existing fetch mechanism, fetching
|
||||
currently fetches all objects referred to by the requested objects, even
|
||||
though they are not necessary.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Fetching with <code>--refetch</code> will request a complete new filtered packfile from
|
||||
the remote, which can be used to change a filter without needing to
|
||||
dynamically fetch missing objects.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_using_many_promisor_remotes">Using many promisor remotes</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Many promisor remotes can be configured and used.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This allows for example a user to have multiple geographically-close
|
||||
cache servers for fetching missing blobs while continuing to do
|
||||
filtered <code>git-fetch</code> commands from the central server.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>When fetching objects, promisor remotes are tried one after the other
|
||||
until all the objects have been fetched.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Remotes that are considered "promisor" remotes are those specified by
|
||||
the following configuration variables:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>extensions.partialClone = <name></code></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>remote.<name>.promisor = true</code></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>remote.<name>.partialCloneFilter = ...</code></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Only one promisor remote can be configured using the
|
||||
<code>extensions.partialClone</code> config variable. This promisor remote will
|
||||
be the last one tried when fetching objects.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>We decided to make it the last one we try, because it is likely that
|
||||
someone using many promisor remotes is doing so because the other
|
||||
promisor remotes are better for some reason (maybe they are closer or
|
||||
faster for some kind of objects) than the origin, and the origin is
|
||||
likely to be the remote specified by extensions.partialClone.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This justification is not very strong, but one choice had to be made,
|
||||
and anyway the long term plan should be to make the order somehow
|
||||
fully configurable.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For now though the other promisor remotes will be tried in the order
|
||||
they appear in the config file.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_current_limitations">Current Limitations</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>It is not possible to specify the order in which the promisor
|
||||
remotes are tried in other ways than the order in which they appear
|
||||
in the config file.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is also not possible to specify an order to be used when fetching
|
||||
from one remote and a different order when fetching from another
|
||||
remote.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>It is not possible to push only specific objects to a promisor
|
||||
remote.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is not possible to push at the same time to multiple promisor
|
||||
remote in a specific order.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Dynamic object fetching will only ask promisor remotes for missing
|
||||
objects. We assume that promisor remotes have a complete view of the
|
||||
repository and can satisfy all such requests.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Repack essentially treats promisor and non-promisor packfiles as 2
|
||||
distinct partitions and does not mix them.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Dynamic object fetching invokes fetch-pack once <strong>for each item</strong>
|
||||
because most algorithms stumble upon a missing object and need to have
|
||||
it resolved before continuing their work. This may incur significant
|
||||
overhead — and multiple authentication requests — if many objects are
|
||||
needed.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Dynamic object fetching currently uses the existing pack protocol V0
|
||||
which means that each object is requested via fetch-pack. The server
|
||||
will send a full set of info/refs when the connection is established.
|
||||
If there are a large number of refs, this may incur significant overhead.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_future_work">Future Work</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Improve the way to specify the order in which promisor remotes are
|
||||
tried.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For example this could allow specifying explicitly something like:
|
||||
"When fetching from this remote, I want to use these promisor remotes
|
||||
in this order, though, when pushing or fetching to that remote, I want
|
||||
to use those promisor remotes in that order."</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Allow pushing to promisor remotes.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The user might want to work in a triangular work flow with multiple
|
||||
promisor remotes that each have an incomplete view of the repository.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Allow non-pathname-based filters to make use of packfile bitmaps (when
|
||||
present). This was just an omission during the initial implementation.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Investigate use of a long-running process to dynamically fetch a series
|
||||
of objects, such as proposed in [5,6] to reduce process startup and
|
||||
overhead costs.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It would be nice if pack protocol V2 could allow that long-running
|
||||
process to make a series of requests over a single long-running
|
||||
connection.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Investigate pack protocol V2 to avoid the info/refs broadcast on
|
||||
each connection with the server to dynamically fetch missing objects.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Investigate the need to handle loose promisor objects.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Objects in promisor packfiles are allowed to reference missing objects
|
||||
that can be dynamically fetched from the server. An assumption was
|
||||
made that loose objects are only created locally and therefore should
|
||||
not reference a missing object. We may need to revisit that assumption
|
||||
if, for example, we dynamically fetch a missing tree and store it as a
|
||||
loose object rather than a single object packfile.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This does not necessarily mean we need to mark loose objects as promisor;
|
||||
it may be sufficient to relax the object lookup or is-promisor functions.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_non_tasks">Non-Tasks</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Every time the subject of "demand loading blobs" comes up it seems
|
||||
that someone suggests that the server be allowed to "guess" and send
|
||||
additional objects that may be related to the requested objects.</p>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>No work has gone into actually doing that; we’re just documenting that
|
||||
it is a common suggestion. We’re not sure how it would work and have
|
||||
no plans to work on it.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is valid for the server to send more objects than requested (even
|
||||
for a dynamic object fetch), but we are not building on that.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_footnotes">Footnotes</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[a] expensive-to-modify list of missing objects: Earlier in the design of
|
||||
partial clone we discussed the need for a single list of missing objects.
|
||||
This would essentially be a sorted linear list of OIDs that were
|
||||
omitted by the server during a clone or subsequent fetches.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This file would need to be loaded into memory on every object lookup.
|
||||
It would need to be read, updated, and re-written (like the .git/index)
|
||||
on every explicit "git fetch" command <strong>and</strong> on any dynamic object fetch.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The cost to read, update, and write this file could add significant
|
||||
overhead to every command if there are many missing objects. For example,
|
||||
if there are 100M missing blobs, this file would be at least 2GiB on disk.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>With the "promisor" concept, we <strong>infer</strong> a missing object based upon the
|
||||
type of packfile that references it.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_related_links">Related Links</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[0] <a href="https://crbug.com/git/2" class="bare">https://crbug.com/git/2</a>
|
||||
Bug#2: Partial Clone</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[1] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170113155253.1644-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170113155253.1644-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/</a><br/>
|
||||
Subject: [RFC] Add support for downloading blobs on demand<br/>
|
||||
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2017 10:52:53 -0500</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[2] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/cover.1506714999.git.jonathantanmy@google.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/cover.1506714999.git.jonathantanmy@google.com/</a><br/>
|
||||
Subject: [PATCH 00/18] Partial clone (from clone to lazy fetch in 18 patches)<br/>
|
||||
Date: Fri, 29 Sep 2017 13:11:36 -0700</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[3] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170426221346.25337-1-jonathantanmy@google.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170426221346.25337-1-jonathantanmy@google.com/</a><br/>
|
||||
Subject: Proposal for missing blob support in Git repos<br/>
|
||||
Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 15:13:46 -0700</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[4] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/1488999039-37631-1-git-send-email-git@jeffhostetler.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/1488999039-37631-1-git-send-email-git@jeffhostetler.com/</a><br/>
|
||||
Subject: [PATCH 00/10] RFC Partial Clone and Fetch<br/>
|
||||
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2017 18:50:29 +0000</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[5] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170505152802.6724-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170505152802.6724-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/</a><br/>
|
||||
Subject: [PATCH v7 00/10] refactor the filter process code into a reusable module<br/>
|
||||
Date: Fri, 5 May 2017 11:27:52 -0400</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[6] <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170714132651.170708-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/git/20170714132651.170708-1-benpeart@microsoft.com/</a><br/>
|
||||
Subject: [RFC/PATCH v2 0/1] Add support for downloading blobs on demand<br/>
|
||||
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2017 09:26:50 -0400</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
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||||
<title>Platform Support Policy</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
||||
a{background:none}
|
||||
a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
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h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
|
||||
b,strong{font-weight:bold}
|
||||
abbr{font-size:.9em}
|
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abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none}
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||||
dfn{font-style:italic}
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hr{height:0}
|
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mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
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||||
code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
|
||||
pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
|
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</style>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Platform Support Policy</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Git has a history of providing broad "support" for exotic platforms and older
|
||||
platforms, without an explicit commitment. Stakeholders of these platforms may
|
||||
want a more predictable support commitment. This is only possible when platform
|
||||
stakeholders supply Git developers with adequate tooling, so we can test for
|
||||
compatibility or develop workarounds for platform-specific quirks on our own.
|
||||
Various levels of platform-specific tooling will allow us to make more solid
|
||||
commitments around Git’s compatibility with that platform.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note that this document is about maintaining existing support for a platform
|
||||
that has generally worked in the past; for adding support to a platform which
|
||||
doesn’t generally work with Git, the stakeholders for that platform are expected
|
||||
to do the bulk of that work themselves. We will consider such patches if they
|
||||
don’t make life harder for other supported platforms or for Git contributors.
|
||||
Some contributors may volunteer to help with the initial or continued support,
|
||||
but that’s not a given. Support work which is too intrusive or difficult for the
|
||||
project to maintain may still not be accepted.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_minimum_requirements">Minimum Requirements</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The rest of this doc describes best practices for platforms to make themselves
|
||||
easy to support. However, before considering support at all, platforms need to
|
||||
meet the following minimum requirements:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Has C99 or C11</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Uses versions of dependencies which are generally accepted as stable and
|
||||
supportable, e.g., in line with the version used by other long-term-support
|
||||
distributions</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Has active security support (taking security releases of dependencies, etc)</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>These requirements are a starting point, and not sufficient on their own for the
|
||||
Git community to be enthusiastic about supporting your platform. Maintainers of
|
||||
platforms which do meet these requirements can follow the steps below to make it
|
||||
more likely that Git updates will respect the platform’s needs.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_compatible_by_next_release">Compatible by next release</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To increase probability that compatibility issues introduced in a release
|
||||
will be fixed in a later release:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>You should send a bug report as soon as you notice the breakage on your
|
||||
platform. The sooner you notice, the better; watching <code>seen</code> means you can
|
||||
notice problems before they are considered "done with review"; whereas
|
||||
watching <code>master</code> means the stable branch could break for your platform, but
|
||||
you have a decent chance of avoiding a tagged release breaking you. See "The
|
||||
Policy" in <a href="../howto/maintain-git.html">"How to maintain Git"</a> for an
|
||||
overview of which branches are used in the Git project, and how.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>The bug report should include information about what platform you are using.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>You should also use <a href="../git-bisect.html">git-bisect(1)</a> and determine which commit
|
||||
introduced the breakage.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Please include any information you have about the nature of the breakage: is
|
||||
it a memory alignment issue? Is an underlying library missing or broken for
|
||||
your platform? Is there some quirk about your platform which means typical
|
||||
practices (like malloc) behave strangely?</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If possible, build Git from the exact same source both for your platform and
|
||||
for a mainstream platform, to see if the problem you noticed appears only
|
||||
on your platform. If the problem appears in both, then it’s not a
|
||||
compatibility issue, but we of course appreciate hearing about it in a bug
|
||||
report anyway, to benefit users of every platform. If it appears only on your
|
||||
platform, mention clearly that it is a compatibility issue in your report.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Once we begin to fix the issue, please work closely with the contributor
|
||||
working on it to test the proposed fix against your platform.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Example: NonStop
|
||||
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/01bd01da681a$b8d70a70$2a851f50$@nexbridge.com/">reports
|
||||
problems</a> when they’re noticed.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_compatible_on_master_and_releases">Compatible on <code>master</code> and releases</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To make sure all stable builds and regular releases work for your platform the
|
||||
first time, help us avoid breaking <code>master</code> for your platform:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>You should run regular tests against the <code>next</code> branch and
|
||||
publish breakage reports to the mailing list immediately when they happen.</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Ideally, these tests should run daily. They must run more often than
|
||||
weekly, as topics generally spend at least 7 days in <code>next</code> before graduating
|
||||
to <code>master</code>, and it takes time to put the brakes on a patch once it lands in
|
||||
<code>next</code>.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>You may want to ask to join the <a href="mailto:git-security@googlegroups.com">security
|
||||
mailing list</a> in order to run tests against the fixes proposed there, too.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>It may make sense to automate these; if you do, make sure they are not noisy
|
||||
(you don’t need to send a report when everything works, only when something
|
||||
breaks; you don’t need to send repeated reports for the same breakage night
|
||||
after night).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Breakage reports should be actionable - include clear error messages that can
|
||||
help developers who may not have access to test directly on your platform.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>You should use git-bisect and determine which commit introduced the breakage;
|
||||
if you can’t do this with automation, you should do this yourself manually as
|
||||
soon as you notice a breakage report was sent.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>You should either:</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Provide on-demand access to your platform to a trusted developer working to
|
||||
fix the issue, so they can test their fix, OR</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Work closely with the developer fixing the issue; the turnaround to check
|
||||
that their proposed fix works for your platform should be fast enough that it
|
||||
doesn’t hinder the developer working on that fix. Slow testing turnarounds
|
||||
may cause the fix to miss the next release, or the developer may lose
|
||||
interest in working on the fix at all.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Example:
|
||||
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/CAHd-oW6X4cwD_yLNFONPnXXUAFPxgDoccv2SOdpeLrqmHCJB4Q@mail.gmail.com/">AIX</a>
|
||||
provides a build farm and runs tests against release candidates.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_compatible_on_next">Compatible on <code>next</code></h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To avoid reactive debugging and fixing when changes hit a release or stable, you
|
||||
can aim to ensure <code>next</code> always works for your platform. (See "The Policy" in
|
||||
<a href="../howto/maintain-git.html">"How to maintain Git"</a> for an overview of how
|
||||
<code>next</code> is used in the Git project.) To do that:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>You should add a runner for your platform to the GitHub Actions or GitLab CI
|
||||
suite. This suite is run when any Git developer proposes a new patch, and
|
||||
having a runner for your platform/configuration means every developer will
|
||||
know if they break you, immediately.</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If adding it to an existing CI suite is infeasible (due to architecture
|
||||
constraints or for performance reasons), any other method which runs as
|
||||
automatically and quickly as possible works, too. For example, a service
|
||||
which snoops on the mailing list and automatically runs tests on new [PATCH]
|
||||
emails, replying to the author with the results, would also be within the
|
||||
spirit of this requirement.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If you rely on Git avoiding a specific pattern that doesn’t work well with
|
||||
your platform (like a certain malloc pattern), raise it on the mailing list.
|
||||
We’ll work case-by-case to look for a solution that doesn’t unnecessarily
|
||||
constrain other platforms to keep compatibility with yours.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If you rely on some configuration or behavior, add a test for it. Untested
|
||||
behavior is subject to breakage at any time.</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Clearly label these tests as necessary for platform compatibility. Add them
|
||||
to an isolated compatibility-related test suite, like a new t* file or unit
|
||||
test suite, so that they’re easy to remove when compatibility is no longer
|
||||
required. If the specific compatibility need is gated behind an issue with
|
||||
another project, link to documentation of that issue (like a bug or email
|
||||
thread) to make it easier to tell when that compatibility need goes away.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Include a comment with an expiration date for these tests no more than 1 year
|
||||
from now. You can update the expiration date if your platform still needs
|
||||
that assurance down the road, but we need to know you still care about that
|
||||
compatibility case and are working to make it unnecessary.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Example: We run our
|
||||
<a href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/tree/.github/workflows/main.yml">CI
|
||||
suite</a> on Windows, Ubuntu, Mac, and others.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_getting_help_writing_platform_support_patches">Getting help writing platform support patches</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In general, when sending patches to fix platform support problems, follow
|
||||
these guidelines to make sure the patch is reviewed with the appropriate level
|
||||
of urgency:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Clearly state in the commit message that you are fixing a platform breakage,
|
||||
and for which platform.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Use the CI and test suite to ensure that the fix for your platform doesn’t
|
||||
break other platforms.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If possible, add a test ensuring this regression doesn’t happen again. If
|
||||
it’s not possible to add a test, explain why in the commit message.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_platform_maintainers">Platform Maintainers</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If you maintain a platform, or Git for that platform, and intend to work with
|
||||
the Git project to ensure compatibility, please send a patch to add yourself to
|
||||
this list.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>NonStop: Randall S. Becker <<a href="mailto:rsbecker@nexbridge.com">rsbecker@nexbridge.com</a>></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
700
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/racy-git.html
Normal file
700
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/racy-git.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
|
||||
<title>Use of index and Racy Git problem</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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||||
<style>
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/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
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||||
html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
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a{background:none}
|
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a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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|
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|
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||||
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|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Use of index and Racy Git problem</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_background">Background</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The index is one of the most important data structures in Git.
|
||||
It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of
|
||||
paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to
|
||||
write out the next tree object to be committed. The state is
|
||||
"virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and
|
||||
often does not, match the files in the working tree.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>There are cases where Git needs to examine the differences between the
|
||||
virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the
|
||||
working tree. The most obvious case is when the user asks <code>git
|
||||
diff</code> (or its low level implementation, <code>git diff-files</code>) or
|
||||
<code>git-ls-files --modified</code>. In addition, Git internally checks
|
||||
if the files in the working tree are different from what are
|
||||
recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them
|
||||
during patch application, switching branches, and merging.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In order to speed up this comparison between the files in the
|
||||
working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the
|
||||
information obtained from the filesystem via <code>lstat(2)</code> system
|
||||
call when they were last updated. When checking if they differ,
|
||||
Git first runs <code>lstat(2)</code> on the files and compares the result
|
||||
with this information (this is what was originally done by the
|
||||
<code>ce_match_stat()</code> function, but the current code does it in
|
||||
<code>ce_match_stat_basic()</code> function). If some of these "cached
|
||||
stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the
|
||||
files are modified without even looking at their contents.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note: not all members in <code>struct stat</code> obtained via <code>lstat(2)</code>
|
||||
are used for this comparison. For example, <code>st_atime</code> obviously
|
||||
is not useful. Currently, Git compares the file type (regular
|
||||
files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular
|
||||
files) from <code>st_mode</code> member, <code>st_mtime</code> and <code>st_ctime</code>
|
||||
timestamps, <code>st_uid</code>, <code>st_gid</code>, <code>st_ino</code>, and <code>st_size</code> members.
|
||||
With a <code>USE_STDEV</code> compile-time option, <code>st_dev</code> is also
|
||||
compared, but this is not enabled by default because this member
|
||||
is not stable on network filesystems. With <code>USE_NSEC</code>
|
||||
compile-time option, <code>st_mtim.tv_nsec</code> and <code>st_ctim.tv_nsec</code>
|
||||
members are also compared. On Linux, this is not enabled by default
|
||||
because in-core timestamps can have finer granularity than
|
||||
on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an
|
||||
inode is evicted from the inode cache. See commit 8ce13b0
|
||||
of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
|
||||
([PATCH] Sync in core time granularity with filesystems,
|
||||
2005-01-04). This patch is included in kernel 2.6.11 and newer, but
|
||||
only fixes the issue for file systems with exactly 1 ns or 1 s
|
||||
resolution. Other file systems are still broken in current Linux
|
||||
kernels (e.g. CEPH, CIFS, NTFS, UDF), see
|
||||
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/5577240D.7020309@gmail.com/" class="bare">https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/5577240D.7020309@gmail.com/</a></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_racy_git">Racy Git</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the
|
||||
cached stat information. Consider this sequence:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>: modify 'foo'
|
||||
$ git update-index 'foo'
|
||||
: modify 'foo' again, in-place, without changing its size</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The first <code>update-index</code> computes the object name of the
|
||||
contents of file <code>foo</code> and updates the index entry for <code>foo</code>
|
||||
along with the <code>struct stat</code> information. If the modification
|
||||
that follows it happens very fast so that the file’s <code>st_mtime</code>
|
||||
timestamp does not change, after this sequence, the cached stat
|
||||
information the index entry records still exactly match what you
|
||||
would see in the filesystem, even though the file <code>foo</code> is now
|
||||
different.
|
||||
This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
|
||||
are unmodified even though they actually are. This is called
|
||||
the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
|
||||
that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem
|
||||
are called "racily clean".</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To avoid this problem, Git does two things:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="olist arabic">
|
||||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>When the cached stat information says the file has not been
|
||||
modified, and the <code>st_mtime</code> is the same as (or newer than)
|
||||
the timestamp of the index file itself (which is the time <code>git
|
||||
update-index foo</code> finished running in the above example), it
|
||||
also compares the contents with the object registered in the
|
||||
index entry to make sure they match.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>When the index file is updated that contains racily clean
|
||||
entries, cached <code>st_size</code> information is truncated to zero
|
||||
before writing a new version of the index file.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Because the index file itself is written after collecting all
|
||||
the stat information from updated paths, <code>st_mtime</code> timestamp of
|
||||
it is usually the same as or newer than any of the paths the
|
||||
index contains. And no matter how quick the modification that
|
||||
follows <code>git update-index foo</code> finishes, the resulting
|
||||
<code>st_mtime</code> timestamp on <code>foo</code> cannot get a value earlier
|
||||
than the index file. Therefore, index entries that can be
|
||||
racily clean are limited to the ones that have the same
|
||||
timestamp as the index file itself.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The callers that want to check if an index entry matches the
|
||||
corresponding file in the working tree continue to call
|
||||
<code>ce_match_stat()</code>, but with this change, <code>ce_match_stat()</code> uses
|
||||
<code>ce_modified_check_fs()</code> to see if racily clean ones are
|
||||
actually clean after comparing the cached stat information using
|
||||
<code>ce_match_stat_basic()</code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The problem the latter solves is this sequence:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>$ git update-index 'foo'
|
||||
: modify 'foo' in-place without changing its size
|
||||
: wait for enough time
|
||||
$ git update-index 'bar'</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Without the latter, the timestamp of the index file gets a newer
|
||||
value, and falsely clean entry <code>foo</code> would not be caught by the
|
||||
timestamp comparison check done with the former logic anymore.
|
||||
The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for <code>foo</code>
|
||||
would never match with the file in the working tree, so later
|
||||
checks by <code>ce_match_stat_basic()</code> would report that the index entry
|
||||
does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more
|
||||
expensive <code>ce_modified_check_fs()</code>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_runtime_penalty">Runtime penalty</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The runtime penalty of falling back to <code>ce_modified_check_fs()</code>
|
||||
from <code>ce_match_stat()</code> can be very expensive when there are many
|
||||
racily clean entries. An obvious way to artificially create
|
||||
this situation is to give the same timestamp to all the files in
|
||||
the working tree in a large project, run <code>git update-index</code> on
|
||||
them, and give the same timestamp to the index file:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>$ date >.datestamp
|
||||
$ git ls-files | xargs touch -r .datestamp
|
||||
$ git ls-files | git update-index --stdin
|
||||
$ touch -r .datestamp .git/index</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This will make all index entries racily clean. The linux project, for
|
||||
example, there are over 20,000 files in the working tree. On my
|
||||
Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>$ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
|
||||
1.68user 0.54system 0:02.22elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
|
||||
0inputs+0outputs (0major+67111minor)pagefaults 0swaps
|
||||
$ git update-index MAINTAINERS
|
||||
$ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
|
||||
0.02user 0.12system 0:00.14elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
|
||||
0inputs+0outputs (0major+935minor)pagefaults 0swaps</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Running <code>git update-index</code> in the middle checked the racily
|
||||
clean entries, and left the cached <code>st_mtime</code> for all the paths
|
||||
intact because they were actually clean (so this step took about
|
||||
the same amount of time as the first <code>git diff-files</code>). After
|
||||
that, they are not racily clean anymore but are truly clean, so
|
||||
the second invocation of <code>git diff-files</code> fully took advantage
|
||||
of the cached stat information.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_avoiding_runtime_penalty">Avoiding runtime penalty</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used
|
||||
to have a code that made sure the index file
|
||||
got a timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when
|
||||
there were many young files with the same timestamp as the
|
||||
resulting index file otherwise would have by waiting
|
||||
before finishing writing the index file out.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>I suspected that in practice the situation where many paths in the
|
||||
index are all racily clean was quite rare. The only code paths
|
||||
that can record recent timestamp for large number of paths are:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="olist arabic">
|
||||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Initial <code>git add .</code> of a large project.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><code>git checkout</code> of a large project from an empty index into an
|
||||
unpopulated working tree.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note: switching branches with <code>git checkout</code> keeps the cached
|
||||
stat information of existing working tree files that are the
|
||||
same between the current branch and the new branch, which are
|
||||
all older than the resulting index file, and they will not
|
||||
become racily clean. Only the files that are actually checked
|
||||
out can become racily clean.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In a large project where raciness avoidance cost really matters,
|
||||
however, the initial computation of all object names in the
|
||||
index takes more than one second, and the index file is written
|
||||
out after all that happens. Therefore the timestamp of the
|
||||
index file will be more than one second later than the
|
||||
youngest file in the working tree. This means that in these
|
||||
cases there actually will not be any racily clean entry in
|
||||
the resulting index.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Based on this discussion, the current code does not use the
|
||||
"workaround" to avoid the runtime penalty that does not exist in
|
||||
practice anymore. This was done with commit 0fc82cff on Aug 15,
|
||||
2006.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
2001
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/reftable.html
Normal file
2001
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/reftable.html
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
549
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/scalar.html
Normal file
549
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/scalar.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
|
||||
<head>
|
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
|
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
|
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
|
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
|
||||
<title>Scalar</title>
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
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|
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</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Scalar</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Scalar is a repository management tool that optimizes Git for use in large
|
||||
repositories. It accomplishes this by helping users to take advantage of
|
||||
advanced performance features in Git. Unlike most other Git built-in commands,
|
||||
Scalar is not executed as a subcommand of <em>git</em>; rather, it is built as a
|
||||
separate executable containing its own series of subcommands.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_background">Background</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Scalar was originally designed as an add-on to Git and implemented as a .NET
|
||||
Core application. It was created based on the learnings from the VFS for Git
|
||||
project (another application aimed at improving the experience of working with
|
||||
large repositories). As part of its initial implementation, Scalar relied on
|
||||
custom features in the Microsoft fork of Git that have since been integrated
|
||||
into core Git:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>partial clone,</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>commit graphs,</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>multi-pack index,</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>sparse checkout (cone mode),</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>scheduled background maintenance,</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>etc</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>With the requisite Git functionality in place and a desire to bring the benefits
|
||||
of Scalar to the larger Git community, the Scalar application itself was ported
|
||||
from C# to C and integrated upstream.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_features">Features</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Scalar is comprised of two major pieces of functionality: automatically
|
||||
configuring built-in Git performance features and managing repository
|
||||
enlistments.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The Git performance features configured by Scalar (see "Background" for
|
||||
examples) confer substantial performance benefits to large repositories, but are
|
||||
either too experimental to enable for all of Git yet, or only benefit large
|
||||
repositories. As new features are introduced, Scalar should be updated
|
||||
accordingly to incorporate them. This will prevent the tool from becoming stale
|
||||
while also providing a path for more easily bringing features to the appropriate
|
||||
users.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Enlistments are how Scalar knows which repositories on a user’s system should
|
||||
utilize Scalar-configured features. This allows it to update performance
|
||||
settings when new ones are added to the tool, as well as centrally manage
|
||||
repository maintenance. The enlistment structure - a root directory with a
|
||||
<code>src/</code> subdirectory containing the cloned repository itself - is designed to
|
||||
encourage users to route build outputs outside of the repository to avoid the
|
||||
performance-limiting overhead of ignoring those files in Git.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_design">Design</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Scalar is implemented in C and interacts with Git via a mix of child process
|
||||
invocations of Git and direct usage of <code>libgit.a</code>. Internally, it is structured
|
||||
much like other built-ins with subcommands (e.g., <code>git stash</code>), containing a
|
||||
<code>cmd_<subcommand>()</code> function for each subcommand, routed through a <code>cmd_main()</code>
|
||||
function. Most options are unique to each subcommand, with <code>scalar</code> respecting
|
||||
some "global" <code>git</code> options (e.g., <code>-c</code> and <code>-C</code>).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Because <code>scalar</code> is not invoked as a Git subcommand (like <code>git scalar</code>), it is
|
||||
built and installed as its own executable in the <code>bin/</code> directory, alongside
|
||||
<code>git</code>, <code>git-gui</code>, etc.</p>
|
||||
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</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Git-send-pack internals</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_overall_operation">Overall operation</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="olist arabic">
|
||||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Connects to the remote side and invokes git-receive-pack.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Learns what refs the remote has and what commit they point at.
|
||||
Matches them to the refspecs we are pushing.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Checks if there are non-fast-forwards. Unlike fetch-pack,
|
||||
the repository send-pack runs in is supposed to be a superset
|
||||
of the recipient in fast-forward cases, so there is no need
|
||||
for want/have exchanges, and fast-forward check can be done
|
||||
locally. Tell the result to the other end.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Calls pack_objects() which generates a packfile and sends it
|
||||
over to the other end.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If the remote side is new enough (v1.1.0 or later), wait for
|
||||
the unpack and hook status from the other end.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Exit with appropriate error codes.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_pack_objects_pipeline">Pack_objects pipeline</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This function gets one file descriptor (<code>fd</code>) which is either a
|
||||
socket (over the network) or a pipe (local). What’s written to
|
||||
this fd goes to git-receive-pack to be unpacked.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>send-pack ---> fd ---> receive-pack</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The function pack_objects creates a pipe and then forks. The
|
||||
forked child execs pack-objects with --revs to receive revision
|
||||
parameters from its standard input. This process will write the
|
||||
packfile to the other end.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre> send-pack
|
||||
|
|
||||
pack_objects() ---> fd ---> receive-pack
|
||||
| ^ (pipe)
|
||||
v |
|
||||
(child)</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The child dup2’s to arrange its standard output to go back to
|
||||
the other end, and read its standard input to come from the
|
||||
pipe. After that it exec’s pack-objects. On the other hand,
|
||||
the parent process, before starting to feed the child pipeline,
|
||||
closes the reading side of the pipe and fd to receive-pack.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre> send-pack
|
||||
|
|
||||
pack_objects(parent)
|
||||
|
|
||||
v [0]
|
||||
pack-objects [0] ---> receive-pack</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>[jc: the pipeline was much more complex and needed documentation before
|
||||
I understood an earlier bug, but now it is trivial and straightforward.]</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
530
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/shallow.html
Normal file
530
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/shallow.html
Normal file
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||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Shallow commits</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<div class="title">Definition</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
|
||||
repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
|
||||
these commits have no parents.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>$GIT_DIR/shallow lists commit object names and tells Git to
|
||||
pretend as if they are root commits (e.g. "git log" traversal
|
||||
stops after showing them; "git fsck" does not complain saying
|
||||
the commits listed on their "parent" lines do not exist).</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Each line contains exactly one object name. When read, a commit_graft
|
||||
will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
|
||||
to discern from user provided grafts.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note that the shallow feature could not be changed easily to
|
||||
use replace refs: a commit containing a <code>mergetag</code> is not allowed
|
||||
to be replaced, not even by a root commit. Such a commit can be
|
||||
made shallow, though. Also, having a <code>shallow</code> file explicitly
|
||||
listing all the commits made shallow makes it a <strong>lot</strong> easier to
|
||||
do shallow-specific things such as to deepen the history.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Since fsck-objects relies on the library to read the objects,
|
||||
it honours shallow commits automatically.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>There are some unfinished ends of the whole shallow business:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>maybe we have to force non-thin packs when fetching into a
|
||||
shallow repo (ATM they are forced non-thin).</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>A special handling of a shallow upstream is needed. At some
|
||||
stage, upload-pack has to check if it sends a shallow commit,
|
||||
and it should send that information early (or fail, if the
|
||||
client does not support shallow repositories). There is no
|
||||
support at all for this in this patch series.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Instead of locking $GIT_DIR/shallow at the start, just
|
||||
the timestamp of it is noted, and when it comes to writing it,
|
||||
a check is performed if the mtime is still the same, dying if
|
||||
it is not.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>It is unclear how "push into/from a shallow repo" should behave.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>If you deepen a history, you’d want to get the tags of the
|
||||
newly stored (but older!) commits. This does not work right now.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>To make a shallow clone, you can call "git-clone --depth 20 repo".
|
||||
The result contains only commit chains with a length of at most 20.
|
||||
It also writes an appropriate $GIT_DIR/shallow.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
|
||||
repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
|
||||
20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
|
||||
number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
611
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/trivial-merge.html
Normal file
611
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/trivial-merge.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
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<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Trivial merge rules</h1>
|
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<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
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|
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|
||||
<p>This document describes the outcomes of the trivial merge logic in read-tree.</p>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
|
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<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_one_way_merge">One-way merge</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>This replaces the index with a different tree, keeping the stat info
|
||||
for entries that don’t change, and allowing -u to make the minimum
|
||||
required changes to the working tree to have it match.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Entries marked <em>+</em> have stat information. Spaces marked <em>*</em> don’t
|
||||
affect the result.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>index tree result
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
* (empty) (empty)
|
||||
(empty) tree tree
|
||||
index+ tree tree
|
||||
index+ index index+</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_two_way_merge">Two-way merge</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is permitted for the index to lack an entry; this does not prevent
|
||||
any case from applying.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If the index exists, it is an error for it not to match either the old
|
||||
or the result.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If multiple cases apply, the one used is listed first.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A result which changes the index is an error if the index is not empty
|
||||
and not up to date.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Entries marked <em>+</em> have stat information. Spaces marked <em>*</em> don’t
|
||||
affect the result.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>case index old new result
|
||||
-------------------------------------
|
||||
0/2 (empty) * (empty) (empty)
|
||||
1/3 (empty) * new new
|
||||
4/5 index+ (empty) (empty) index+
|
||||
6/7 index+ (empty) index index+
|
||||
10 index+ index (empty) (empty)
|
||||
14/15 index+ old old index+
|
||||
18/19 index+ old index index+
|
||||
20 index+ index new new</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_three_way_merge">Three-way merge</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is permitted for the index to lack an entry; this does not prevent
|
||||
any case from applying.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If the index exists, it is an error for it not to match either the
|
||||
head or (if the merge is trivial) the result.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>If multiple cases apply, the one used is listed first.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A result of "no merge" means that index is left in stage 0, ancest in
|
||||
stage 1, head in stage 2, and remote in stage 3 (if any of these are
|
||||
empty, no entry is left for that stage). Otherwise, the given entry is
|
||||
left in stage 0, and there are no other entries.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A result of "no merge" is an error if the index is not empty and not
|
||||
up to date.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p><strong>empty</strong> means that the tree must not have a directory-file conflict
|
||||
with the entry.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For multiple ancestors, a <em>+</em> means that this case applies even if
|
||||
only one ancestor or remote fits; a <em>^</em> means all of the ancestors
|
||||
must be the same.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||||
<div class="content">
|
||||
<pre>case ancest head remote result
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
1 (empty)+ (empty) (empty) (empty)
|
||||
2ALT (empty)+ *empty* remote remote
|
||||
2 (empty)^ (empty) remote no merge
|
||||
3ALT (empty)+ head *empty* head
|
||||
3 (empty)^ head (empty) no merge
|
||||
4 (empty)^ head remote no merge
|
||||
5ALT * head head head
|
||||
6 ancest+ (empty) (empty) no merge
|
||||
8 ancest^ (empty) ancest no merge
|
||||
7 ancest+ (empty) remote no merge
|
||||
10 ancest^ ancest (empty) no merge
|
||||
9 ancest+ head (empty) no merge
|
||||
16 anc1/anc2 anc1 anc2 no merge
|
||||
13 ancest+ head ancest head
|
||||
14 ancest+ ancest remote remote
|
||||
11 ancest+ head remote no merge</pre>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Only #2ALT and #3ALT use <strong>empty</strong>, because these are the only cases
|
||||
where there can be conflicts that didn’t exist before. Note that we
|
||||
allow directory-file conflicts between things in different stages
|
||||
after the trivial merge.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>A possible alternative for #6 is (empty), which would make it like
|
||||
#1. This is not used, due to the likelihood that it arises due to
|
||||
moving the file to multiple different locations or moving and deleting
|
||||
it in different branches.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Case #1 is included for completeness, and also in case we decide to
|
||||
put on <em>+</em> markings; any path that is never mentioned at all isn’t
|
||||
handled.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note that #16 is when both #13 and #14 apply; in this case, we refuse
|
||||
the trivial merge, because we can’t tell from this data which is
|
||||
right. This is a case of a reverted patch (in some direction, maybe
|
||||
multiple times), and the right answer depends on looking at crossings
|
||||
of history or common ancestors of the ancestors.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Note that, between #6, #7, #9, and #11, all cases not otherwise
|
||||
covered are handled in this table.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For #8 and #10, there is alternative behavior, not currently
|
||||
implemented, where the result is (empty). As currently implemented,
|
||||
the automatic merge will generally give this effect.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
934
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/unit-tests.html
Normal file
934
bin/git/mingw64/share/doc/git-doc/technical/unit-tests.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,934 @@
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|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body class="article">
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<h1>Unit Testing</h1>
|
||||
<div class="details">
|
||||
<span id="revdate">2018-06-07</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="content">
|
||||
<div id="preamble">
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In our current testing environment, we spend a significant amount of effort
|
||||
crafting end-to-end tests for error conditions that could easily be captured by
|
||||
unit tests (or we simply forgo some hard-to-setup and rare error conditions).
|
||||
Unit tests additionally provide stability to the codebase and can simplify
|
||||
debugging through isolation. Writing unit tests in pure C, rather than with our
|
||||
current shell/test-tool helper setup, simplifies test setup, simplifies passing
|
||||
data around (no shell-isms required), and reduces testing runtime by not
|
||||
spawning a separate process for every test invocation.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>We believe that a large body of unit tests, living alongside the existing test
|
||||
suite, will improve code quality for the Git project.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_definitions">Definitions</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For the purposes of this document, we’ll use <strong>test framework</strong> to refer to
|
||||
projects that support writing test cases and running tests within the context
|
||||
of a single executable. <strong>Test harness</strong> will refer to projects that manage
|
||||
running multiple executables (each of which may contain multiple test cases) and
|
||||
aggregating their results.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In reality, these terms are not strictly defined, and many of the projects
|
||||
discussed below contain features from both categories.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>For now, we will evaluate projects solely on their framework features. Since we
|
||||
are relying on having TAP output (see below), we can assume that any framework
|
||||
can be made to work with a harness that we can choose later.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_summary">Summary</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>We believe the best way forward is to implement a custom TAP framework for the
|
||||
Git project. We use a version of the framework originally proposed in
|
||||
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/c902a166-98ce-afba-93f2-ea6027557176@gmail.com/">1</a>.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>See the <a href="#framework-selection">Framework Selection</a> section below for the
|
||||
rationale behind this decision.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_choosing_a_test_harness">Choosing a test harness</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>During upstream discussion, it was occasionally noted that <code>prove</code> provides many
|
||||
convenient features, such as scheduling slower tests first, or re-running
|
||||
previously failed tests.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>While we already support the use of <code>prove</code> as a test harness for the shell
|
||||
tests, it is not strictly required. The t/Makefile allows running shell tests
|
||||
directly (though with interleaved output if parallelism is enabled). Git
|
||||
developers who wish to use <code>prove</code> as a more advanced harness can do so by
|
||||
setting DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=prove in their config.mak.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>We will follow a similar approach for unit tests: by default the test
|
||||
executables will be run directly from the t/Makefile, but <code>prove</code> can be
|
||||
configured with DEFAULT_UNIT_TEST_TARGET=prove.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="framework-selection">Framework selection</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>There are a variety of features we can use to rank the candidate frameworks, and
|
||||
those features have different priorities:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Critical features: we probably won’t consider a framework without these</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Can we legally / easily use the project?</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#license">License</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#vendorable-or-ubiquitous">Vendorable or ubiquitous</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#maintainable-extensible">Maintainable / extensible</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#major-platform-support">Major platform support</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Does the project support our bare-minimum needs?</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#tap-support">TAP support</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#diagnostic-output">Diagnostic output</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#runtime-skippable-tests">Runtime-skippable tests</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Nice-to-have features:</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#parallel-execution">Parallel execution</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#mock-support">Mock support</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#signal-error-handling">Signal & error-handling</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Tie-breaker stats</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#project-kloc">Project KLOC</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="#adoption">Adoption</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="license">License</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>We must be able to legally use the framework in connection with Git. As Git is
|
||||
licensed only under GPLv2, we must eliminate any LGPLv3, GPLv3, or Apache 2.0
|
||||
projects.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="vendorable-or-ubiquitous">Vendorable or ubiquitous</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>We want to avoid forcing Git developers to install new tools just to run unit
|
||||
tests. Any prospective frameworks and harnesses must either be vendorable
|
||||
(meaning, we can copy their source directly into Git’s repository), or so
|
||||
ubiquitous that it is reasonable to expect that most developers will have the
|
||||
tools installed already.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="maintainable-extensible">Maintainable / extensible</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>It is unlikely that any pre-existing project perfectly fits our needs, so any
|
||||
project we select will need to be actively maintained and open to accepting
|
||||
changes. Alternatively, assuming we are vendoring the source into our repo, it
|
||||
must be simple enough that Git developers can feel comfortable making changes as
|
||||
needed to our version.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In the comparison table below, "True" means that the framework seems to have
|
||||
active developers, that it is simple enough that Git developers can make changes
|
||||
to it, and that the project seems open to accepting external contributions (or
|
||||
that it is vendorable). "Partial" means that at least one of the above
|
||||
conditions holds.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="major-platform-support">Major platform support</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>At a bare minimum, unit-testing must work on Linux, MacOS, and Windows.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In the comparison table below, "True" means that it works on all three major
|
||||
platforms with no issues. "Partial" means that there may be annoyances on one or
|
||||
more platforms, but it is still usable in principle.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="tap-support">TAP support</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The <a href="https://testanything.org/">Test Anything Protocol</a> is a text-based interface
|
||||
that allows tests to communicate with a test harness. It is already used by
|
||||
Git’s integration test suite. Supporting TAP output is a mandatory feature for
|
||||
any prospective test framework.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In the comparison table below, "True" means this is natively supported.
|
||||
"Partial" means TAP output must be generated by post-processing the native
|
||||
output.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Frameworks that do not have at least Partial support will not be evaluated
|
||||
further.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="diagnostic-output">Diagnostic output</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>When a test case fails, the framework must generate enough diagnostic output to
|
||||
help developers find the appropriate test case in source code in order to debug
|
||||
the failure.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="runtime-skippable-tests">Runtime-skippable tests</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Test authors may wish to skip certain test cases based on runtime circumstances,
|
||||
so the framework should support this.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="parallel-execution">Parallel execution</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Ideally, we will build up a significant collection of unit test cases, most
|
||||
likely split across multiple executables. It will be necessary to run these
|
||||
tests in parallel to enable fast develop-test-debug cycles.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>In the comparison table below, "True" means that individual test cases within a
|
||||
single test executable can be run in parallel. We assume that executable-level
|
||||
parallelism can be handled by the test harness.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="mock-support">Mock support</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Unit test authors may wish to test code that interacts with objects that may be
|
||||
inconvenient to handle in a test (e.g. interacting with a network service).
|
||||
Mocking allows test authors to provide a fake implementation of these objects
|
||||
for more convenient tests.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="signal-error-handling">Signal & error handling</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The test framework should fail gracefully when test cases are themselves buggy
|
||||
or when they are interrupted by signals during runtime.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="project-kloc">Project KLOC</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>The size of the project, in thousands of lines of code as measured by
|
||||
<a href="https://dwheeler.com/sloccount/">sloccount</a> (rounded up to the next multiple of
|
||||
1,000). As a tie-breaker, we probably prefer a project with fewer LOC.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="adoption">Adoption</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>As a tie-breaker, we prefer a more widely-used project. We use the number of
|
||||
GitHub / GitLab stars to estimate this.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_comparison">Comparison</h3>
|
||||
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all" style="width: 33%;">
|
||||
<colgroup>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6923%;"/>
|
||||
<col style="width: 7.6924%;"/>
|
||||
</colgroup>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Framework</th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#license">License</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#vendorable-or-ubiquitous">Vendorable or ubiquitous</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#maintainable-extensible">Maintainable / extensible</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#major-platform-support">Major platform support</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#tap-support">TAP support</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#diagnostic-output">Diagnostic output</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#runtime—​skippable-tests">Runtime- skippable tests</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#parallel-execution">Parallel execution</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#mock-support">Mock support</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#signal-error-handling">Signal & error handling</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#project-kloc">Project KLOC</a></th>
|
||||
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><a href="#adoption">Adoption</a></th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/c902a166-98ce-afba-93f2-ea6027557176@gmail.com/">Custom Git impl.</a></p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#GPL v2#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">0</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/silentbicycle/greatest">Greatest</a></p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#ISC#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[yellow-background]#Partial#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[yellow-background]#Partial#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">3</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1400</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/Snaipe/Criterion">Criterion</a></p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#MIT#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[yellow-background]#Partial#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">19</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1800</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/rra/c-tap-harness/">C TAP</a></p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#Expat#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[yellow-background]#Partial#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[yellow-background]#Partial#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">4</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">33</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://libcheck.github.io/check/">Check</a></p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#LGPL v2.1#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[yellow-background]#Partial#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">17</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">973</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/clar-test/clar">Clar</a></p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#ISC#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[yellow-background]#Partial#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[red-background]#False#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[lime-background]#True#</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1</p></td>
|
||||
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">192</p></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect2">
|
||||
<h3 id="_additional_framework_candidates">Additional framework candidates</h3>
|
||||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||||
<p>Several suggested frameworks have been eliminated from consideration:</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Incompatible licenses:</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/zorgnax/libtap">libtap</a> (LGPL v3)</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://cmocka.org/">cmocka</a> (Apache 2.0)</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Missing source: <a href="https://www.kindahl.net/mytap/doc/index.html">MyTap</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>No TAP support:</p>
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://nemequ.github.io/munit/">µnit</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/google/cmockery">cmockery</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/lpabon/cmockery2">cmockery2</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/ThrowTheSwitch/Unity">Unity</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/siu/minunit">minunit</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://cunit.sourceforge.net/">CUnit</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="sect1">
|
||||
<h2 id="_milestones">Milestones</h2>
|
||||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||||
<div class="ulist">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Add useful tests of library-like code</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Integrate with
|
||||
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20230502211454.1673000-1-calvinwan@google.com/">stdlib
|
||||
work</a></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>Run alongside regular <code>make test</code> target</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div id="footer">
|
||||
<div id="footer-text">
|
||||
Last updated 2024-11-25 12:16:31 UTC
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user